FUNCTIONS OF INAUGURAL SPEECH IN UKRAINIAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE

The article is devoted to the analysis of gratitude as a speech genre of ritual political communication. The purpose of the article – to analyze the genre features of gratitude as a kind of political text; which envisaged the formulation of such tasks: to define the concept of the speech genre and to outline the degree of his study in linguistics; to consider the specifics of ritual speech genres of political communication; to analyze the speech genre of gratitude in the Ukrainian ritual political discourse. Object of research – ritual displays of Ukrainian political discourse; subject - a speech genre of gratitude in the Ukrainian political discourse. The main issues of the theory of speech genres are considered, the views on the typology of Ukrainian ritual speech genres in political discourse are presented and the genre of gratitude is described. The genre and language specificity of gratitude in Ukrainian political discourse is compared with other ritual genres. The language genre is a communicative phenomenon, the type of organization of discourse, which involves a specific pragmatic method of the speaker, the selection of special expressions and lexical means, the expression of the individual picture of the world. For political communication, such speech genres are characteristic: greetings, festive treatment, gratitude, obituary and compassion, inaugural speech. Gratitude is the language genre of etiquette communication, it is not related to the political ritual directly, it specifies the contribution of the addressee to political life, has a specific addressee, and at the formal level is a dialogic written communication. For a particular implementation, political greetings are designed not only for the immediate addressee, but also for the target audience, the audience, therefore, perform the image function.

The present article aims to identify stylistic figures, providing intertextual connections of American presidents’ inaugural addresses with other texts which are of great importance to the USA and the American nation. Stylistic figures are figurative and expressive means of connecting texts of the past with texts of the present. The stylistic figures “allusion”, “application”, “paraphrase”, and “citation” have been analysed in the inaugural addresses delivered by four American presidents (2001–2021) – George Bush Jr., Barack Obama, Donald Trump, and Joseph Biden. These stylistic figures determine intertextual contacts of the inaugural addresses with the texts which characterize the country’s historical and modern development – the United States Declaration of Independence, John Page’s letter to Thomas Jefferson, the Constitution of the United States, the past Presidents’ speeches, patriotic songs. Inaugural addresses form a well-established genre in political discourse, and this genre is aimed at integrating and inspiring the people as well as at performing and establishing President’s and his administration’s general policies. The analysis of the genre of the “inaugural address” is an integral part of political discourse research. Political discourse is perceived as a system of communication that has real and virtual measures. The analysis of stylistic figures which provide intertextual connections belongs to the study of the virtual measure of political discourse – its semiotic area. The analysis conducted in the article is based on political discourse research, intertextuality theory, critical discourse analysis theory as well as on practical papers on presidential communication. This article’s methodology includes methods of observation, deduction, induction, controlled sampling, and the method of discourse analysis. Having analyzed the inaugural addresses and having identified the stylistic figures which incorporate other texts into the inaugural addresses, the author concludes that, firstly, the ideas and principles formulated in the past and implemented in the country’s development concept are sacred and unshakeable, and secondly, these ideas and principles have a great impact on the American nation’s consolidation and integration.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the linguistic features of the genre of the inaugural speech of the President of Russia. The last inaugural speech delivered by V.V. Putin on May 7, 2018. was the lexical material for the study. The descriptive method and the contextual method were used during the analysis. The speech of the incoming President, although relatively new for Russian reality, is an important genre of modern political discourse. Inaugural speeches belong to ritual genres. The tradition of this discursive type originated in the United States. The inaugural speech fulfills the function of consolidating listeners as a people, with its help the new President presents his political credo and defines the principles that will guide him in the future. The article examines the structure of speech, the functions it performs, the characteristic concepts verbalized in it. The analyzed performance has a structure typical for this genre, borrowed from the American tradition (greeting, introduction, main part and conclusion). It implements all the main functions of this discursive genre (integrative, inspirational, declarative and performative) with the help of characteristic topos (topos of inauguration, topos of law-abidingness, topos of a worthy leader, topos of duty, topos of work, topos of reliance on the past, topos of renewal, topos of greatness of the nation, topos of mutual obligations, topos of the unity of the nation). The study shows that lexical units are used by the speaker in such a way as to focus the attention of listeners on the positive, not negative, aspects of reality (a good situation in the country, a bright future for the state, the President as a reliable leader), which is a characteristic feature of this genre of political discourse. The overall positive impression shifts the listeners’ attention to other components of the utterance. The concepts typical for this genre are the concepts of “power” and “unity”. The study showed that the concept of “unity” is verbalized in the speech of V.V. Putin with the help of numerous lexical units, but the concept of “power” is realized more indirectly than directly, and it is not the president’s power that is emphasized, but his duties and responsibilities.

The article is devoted to the study of structural and semantic features of the main speech genre of presidential rhetoric — the inaugural speech. We characterized the main approaches to defining the speech genre and highlighted the structural components of the inaugural speech in political discourse. The purpose of the study is to reveal the structural and semantic features of the presidents’ inaugural speeches presented in Slavic languages (Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak and Serbian). The object of the research is the presidential discourse implemented in the speech activity of the presidents of Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia and Serbia. The subject of the study is the structural components and semantic features of the inaugural speeches in the presidential discourse. We analyzed the inaugural speeches of the presidents who held this position in the first half of 2024: Volodymyr Zelensky (Ukraine), Andrzej Duda (Republic of Poland), Zuzana Čaputová (Slovak Republic), Aleksandar Vučić (Republic of Serbia). The material for the analysis was the texts of the inaugural speeches delivered by the presidents in the last term. The methods of component and linguistic stylistic analysis were used to analyze the structural and semantic features of the inaugural speeches. The component analysis made it possible to consider the lexical semantics, and the linguistic stylistic analysis became the basis for determining the stylistic features of the texts. The structure of the inaugural speech covers the framework elements of the greeting, conclusion, formulation of the political creed. Speech acts of thanksgiving are the main structural elements of the inaugural speech of the presidents. At the semantic level, the inaugural speech contains a description of the political situation in the country in the context of historical events and a specification of program provisions of a priority nature. Common elements for the inaugural speeches of the presidents of Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia and Serbia are the presence of mandatory structural elements, the dominance of speech acts of thanksgiving, appeals to the historical past and the formulation of future political steps. Among the specific features of presidential speeches, the use of ethnonyms in the speeches of V. Zelenskyi and A. Duda was recorded; the dominance of references to ancient history in the speeches of A. Duda and O. Vuchich; V. Zelenskyi’s criticism of the previous government, in particular the country’s presidents.

Featuring contributions by leading specialists in the field, the volume is a survey of cutting edge research in genres in political discourse. Since, as is demonstrated, “political genres” reveal many of the problems pertaining to the analysis of communicative genres in general, it is also a state-of-the-art addition to contemporary genre theory. The book offers new methodological, theoretical and empirical insights in both the long-established genres (speeches, interviews, policy documents, etc.), and the modern, rapidly-evolving generic forms, such as online political ads or weblogs. The chapters, which engage in timely issues of genre mediatization, hybridity, multimodality, and the mixing of discursive styles, come from a broad range of perspectives spanning Critical Discourse Studies, pragmatics, cognitive psychology, sociolinguistics, applied linguistics and media studies. As such, they constitute essential reading for anyone seeking an interdisciplinary yet coherent research agenda within the vast and complex territory of today’s forms of political communication.

The purpose of this article is to identify structural and compositional features of the Ukrainian presidents’ inaugural speeches. The purpose of the study is to identify language features of the inaugural address, the object is the inaugural speech as a genre of political discourse. The inaugural speech belongs to the ritual genres of political communication, it is performed by a newly elected president of the state during the inauguration ritual. It is not just a speech act, but also a political action. The inaugural speech as a genre of the political ritual text creates strict rules that govern its structural and compositional structure. The inaugural speech is a clearly regulated structure, combining framework components and the main text. So we analysed compulsory and optional components of the inaugural speech, traced functional-and-semantical peculiarities of the inuaguaral speech language units.

The current research is devoted to the comparative and contrastive analysis of Donald Trump’s victory and inaugural speeches. Its objective is to identify their similarities and differences from the functional and linguistic points of view. The research consists of several stages. First, the two genres of discourse in question are defined. Then, an overview of their functions is provided. Next, the linguistic means of performing them are analyzed. The results of the research indicate that, due to their main goals, the genres in question express certain functions, which can be verbally expressed in various ways: in Trump’s victory speech the inspirative function comes to the fore, while in his inaugural address the integrative and the performative functions dominate the other ones. Furthermore, in each case linguistic peculiarities correlate with the functions: in the victory speech the focus is on the ‘greatness’ of everything and everyone, whereas in the inaugural speech words connected with patriotism prevail, which is expressed mostly by means of personal pronouns. The results of the current research may function as a basis for further analysis of the genre of the victory speech, as it has not received enough scholarly attention yet, and of the peculiarities of Donald Trump’s political discourse.

Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concretes (UHPFRC) have high mechanical strengths (fU,c > 150 MPa, fU,t > 6 MPa) and exhibit quasi-strain hardening in tension. Their very low permeability prevents the ingress of detrimental substances. In composite structural elements formed of normal strength reinforced and Advanced Cementitious Materials (ACM), UHPFRC offer a high potential in view of the load carrying and protection function of the ACM layer. The objectives of the study described in this thesis are to determine the performance and structural behaviour of composite UHPFRC-concrete elements in bending. Towards this end, the current knowledge of UHPFRC properties is to be extended and modelling tools are to be developed in order to predict the structural behaviour of such composite elements and to make recommendations for their design. The experimental program is performed in order to characterize the UHPFRC and determine the structural behaviour of composite UHPFRC-concrete elements through 15 full-scale beam bending tests. The material tests focus on UHPFRC early age behaviour and on the determination of its outstanding tensile properties with an original uniaxial tensile test. They show that the UHPFRC properties become virtually constant after 90 days. The time-dependent behaviour of the composite beams is investigated during 11 weeks starting from the casting of the UHPFRC layer. After these long-term tests, the beams are subjected to bending until failure with the UHPFRC layer in tension. The parameters are the thickness of the UHPFRC layer, the presence of rebar in the UHPFRC and the static system. The time-dependent behaviour of composite UHPFRC-concrete members is investigated focusing on early age by means of test results and an existing numerical model. Using the results of the material tests as input, the numerical model is able to predict the behaviour of composite UHPFRC-concrete elements with the exception of self-desiccation of the UHPFRC. However, the deformations of composite UHPFRC-concrete members are correctly modelled by introducing autogenous shrinkage directly as volumetric deformation in the model. The structural response of the composite members under bending with the UHPFRC layer in tension is investigated with an original analytical model, which is an extension of the classical bending model for reinforced concrete. The influences of cross-section geometry, the UHPFRC tensile properties, the compressive strength of the substrate and the type of reinforcement are studied. This study demonstrates that the use of UHPFRC enhances the performance of composite UHPFRC- concrete elements in terms of resistance and stiffness. Furthermore, durability is extended due to the low permeability and tensile strain hardening properties of UHPFRC. The incorporation of rebar in the UHPFRC layer leads to a further increase in resistance and stiffness of the composite element and to a higher apparent magnitude of hardening in the UHPFRC. The investigated composite elements show monolithic behaviour under service conditions. The time-dependent behaviour is mainly controlled by autogenous shrinkage of the UHPFRC, which may induce a few evenly distributed small-width macrocracks in the case of statically indeterminate systems, thin UHPFRC layers (≤ 1 cm) or high magnitudes of autogenous shrinkage (≥ 750 µm/m at 28 days). The results show that the magnitude of autogenous shrinkage should not exceed 1000 µm/m (at 28 days) in order to avoid debonding and extensive formation of distributed macrocracks. Finally, three basic composite UHPFRC-concrete element configurations are proposed: Configuration P is designed for the protection function and consists of a thin UHPFRC layer. Configuration PR is proposed for existing elements with strongly deteriorated rebar and for new construction. It consists of an UHPFRC layer with reinforcement, and assumes no reinforcement in the layer near the interface zone. Configuration R is proposed for existing structures requiring an enhancement of the structural behaviour. It is made of an UHPFRC layer with reinforcement, and assumes that there is reinforcement in the layer near the interface zone.

This well-written introduction to the method of literary criticism gives the reader an awareness and appreciation of the rich diversity of thought found in the Old Testament. The student is shown how to identify the elements of structure, style, form, language, and composition in the books of the Old Testament. Norman Habel demonstrates how literacy criticism works with examples which are familiar and well-suited for a beginner's level of study. The literary features of Genesis 1-9 are fully explored, then the author focuses on the importance of the Yahwist and priestly sources for the whole Pentateuch. This book's explanation of techniques used in the process of literary criticism will be valuable to both student and professor.

The article describes one of the types of speech genres of the Ukrainian politicalcommunication, the intention of which is the representation of a politician, the formation and maintenance of their image. The typology of speech genres relevant to the contemporary Ukrainian political discourse is presented, and the main variety – image-presentation speech genres – is distinguished. The image-presentation texts are analyzed in view of the specifics of the structure, semantics and linguistic and pragmatic characteristics. The main tendencies of functioning of speech genres of this group in the modern media space are traced. The purpose of the article is to characterize the speech genres of the Ukrainian political discourse aimed at positioning the political entity and maintaining its image. The goal determined the following tasks: to define the notion of the speech genre and to develop a typology of Ukrainian genres based on a functional criterion; to select a group of imagepresentation genres of political communication; to analyze the slogan, program and biography as political genres. The subject of the research is verbal expressions of the Ukrainian political discourse; linguistic features of the presentationagitation speech genres of the Ukrainian political discourse. The genres of the Ukrainian political discourse combine the signs of informality and factuality, but the main criterion for their differentiation is the functional one. Presentation and image are the basic genres of the Ukrainian political discourse; they are aimed at the formation, representation and maintenance of the image of the political entity. The main texts covering this genre group are the slogan, program and biography, each of which has its specifics at the structural and semantic level.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the political program as one of the language genres of Ukrainian political discourse. The purpose of the paper is to study the specifics of a political program as a speech genre at creating and maintaining a political image. The goal has determined the solution of the following tasks: to characterize the political program as speech genre; to discover the structural and compositional features of political programs; determine the verbal specificity of political programs; analyze the implementation of the image function in political programs. The object of research is Ukrainian political discourse in the linguistic and pragmatic aspect, and the subject is the speech genre of the political program. The material was the texts of official and promotional political programs of well-known Ukrainian politicians and political parties (2004-2016). The concept of the speech genre is outlined, classifications of speech genres of political communication are presented, author’s approach to definition of types of political speech genres is proposed. The performative nature of the political program is proved and the features of informative and image speech genres are singled out in it. The basic principles of constructing the text of political programs are presented. The political program has signs of two types of speech genres of political discourse – informative and imaginative, but due to the dominance of the facts in software texts, we assign them to the image. They are aimed at presenting ideological landmarks and proposals of a political subject, based on political performances and subject to the three text-based principles – the thesaurus, the constrastic and the dialogic. Prospects for the study are the further development of the typology of speech genres of political discourse.

The purpose of this study is the linguistic interpretation of President Donald Trump’s inaugural speech during the ceremony held in Washington D. C. on January 21, 2017. The two functions of speech which will be analyzed here are the grammatical and textual functions. The findings reveal two main themes: one is the criticism of the economic situation of America during the last years and the other is a promise and a vow for a change towards a better future where the economy will flourish and there will be prosperity. The study shows the president’s determination to make America strong again, safe again, and prosperous again.

The article is devoted to a review of the methodology for analyzing the functioning of religious vocabulary in the American presidential discourse. The work defines the political discourse, distinguishes the genres of the American presidential discourse, develops an algorithm for their research, and highlights the methods of analysis. One of the types of institutional discourse is political discourse, which is a reflection of the socio-political life of the country, contains elements of its culture, as well as features of the national character, general and national-specific cultural values, and aims to gain and maintain political power. The main functions of political discourse are informative, instrumental, prognostic, normative, legitimating, persuasive and political propaganda. The genre space of the presidential discourse is determined by the general political system of the state, the historical and political traditions of the institution of the presidency, and the sociocultural conditions for the existence of political discourse. These extralinguistic factors, as well as the nature of the main intention, allow us to distinguish such genres of US presidential discourse as ritualistic, orientational, and agonal. In the linguistic literature, there is a large number of classifications of political discourse strategies. In our work, we adhere to the classification according to which the following communicative strategies are inherent in political discourse: self-presentation, discrediting, manipulation, self-defense, information-interpretive, forming the emotional mood of the addressee, argumentative strategy, agitation. Each of these strategies is represented by a number of tactics. The search for effective ways of analyzing and describing the semantics and function of religious vocabulary in the American presidential discourse determined the choice of the main approaches to the research object. The methods used in linguistic studies involve the implementation of a system of procedures for studying the object of research and verification of the obtained results. Typical guidelines of systematic philological analysis include paying attention to the semantic, substantive side of the text, represented by text categories, and to the communicative immersion of the text in discursive reproduction. For a systemic complex analysis, the work involves such methods that take into account the communicative essence of the discourse text, reflect the significance of the text in the light of its generation and interpretation.

The article presents a linguistic study of political discourse and examines the linguistic features of Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s presidential speeches. Particular attention is paid to genres of ritual discourse – greetings, obituaries, and the inaugural address—as well as the speech genre of the public address. The analysis focuses on the correlation between political and religious discourses, specifically in the aspect of lexical units with religious semantics. The source base consists of the texts of Zelenskyy’s public speeches and addresses. The study identifies the specificity of the correlation between religious and political discourse in presidential rhetoric during the period of the russian-Ukrainian war. The aim is to determine the particularities of this correlation in Zelenskyy’s presidential speeches. The research is grounded in the methods of linguistic pragmatics, which enabled an examination of the speech genres characteristic of presidential rhetoric. The study demonstrates that Zelenskyy’s presidential rhetoric emphasizes the rejection of the leader-as-deity role and constructs the image of the president as “a person of the people.” It is established that the convergence of presidential and religious discourse is realized within the ritual speech genres of the inaugural address, greetings, and obituaries. The semantics of these ritual texts reference Christian, Muslim, and Jewish holidays, although texts addressed to Christians predominate. The foundational concept in presidential speeches that demonstrates proximity to religious discourse is БОГ, verbalized through the lexemes Господь, Христос, Богородиця, Оранта. The intersection of presidential and religious discourse is further expressed through the use of intertextual element – quotations from religious texts, including the Holy Scriptures.

Emotions are an integral part of human existence, and a language is the main powerful tool in the formation of opinions and positions, transmitting information and reflecting the emotional world of a person – his or her various feelings and reactions (states). The manifestation and reflection of a person’s emotional state by linguistic means and the influence of emotions on the formation of an (emotional) linguistic world view are reflected through emotional concepts. Concepts are the subject of interdisciplinary research. At the moment, there is no generally accepted classification of emotions. Moreover, the issue of defining the notion of a ‘concept’ and, accordingly, an ‘emotional concept’ is rather ambiguous in cognitive linguistics, which indicates the complexity of the object being defined, reflecting different approaches to its description. An emotional concept, which reflects and forms an emotional picture of the world, is a component of political discourse, the interest in which is due to the important role of politics in the world, as it is an integral part of our culture, permeating both private and public life. An inaugural speech is a separate genre of political discourse and a component of political communication. Despite the sincere interest in political discourse in general and inaugural speeches in particular, their emotive component (as opposed to the persuasive and manipulative one), especially in the comparative aspect, remains poorly studied, which makes our study relevant. The article investigates the presence and linguistic and stylistic means of realisation of emotional concepts in the inaugural speeches of US Presidents Donald Trump and Joseph Biden in a comparative aspect within the paradigm of political linguistics and emotivology of a text. Both isomorphic and allomorphic features in the use of emotional concepts by both politicians, as well as in the spectrum of verbal and non-verbal expressive and figurative linguistic means of their expression at different levels, are revealed.