Functionalized proline with double hydrogen bonding potential: highly enantioselective Michael addition of carbonyl compounds to β-nitrostyrenes in brine

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Simple synthetic manipulation of S-proline allows access to prolinamides 5– 7 as organocatalysts capable of double hydrogen bonding for enantioselective Michael addition reactions of carbonyl compounds to β-nitrostyrenes. It is shown that prolinamide catalyst 7 leads to addition products with a high diastereo- as well as enantioselectivity. The transition state structure involving the binding of electrophilic nitrostyrene via two H-bonds is believed to be further stabilized by π,π stacking interactions mediated by the tosyl ring.