Abstract
BackgroundThe red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has developed into an insect model system second only to Drosophila. Moreover, as a coleopteran it represents the most species-rich metazoan taxon which also includes many pest species. The genetic toolbox for Tribolium research has expanded in the past years but spatio-temporally controlled misexpression of genes has not been possible so far.ResultsHere we report the establishment of the GAL4/UAS binary expression system in Tribolium castaneum. Both GAL4Δ and GAL4VP16 driven by the endogenous heat shock inducible promoter of the Tribolium hsp68 gene are efficient in activating reporter gene expression under the control of the Upstream Activating Sequence (UAS). UAS driven ubiquitous tGFP fluorescence was observed in embryos within four hours after activation while in-situ hybridization against tGFP revealed expression already after two hours. The response is quick in relation to the duration of embryonic development in Tribolium - 72 hours with segmentation being completed after 24 hours - which makes the study of early embryonic processes possible using this system. By comparing the efficiency of constructs based on Tribolium, Drosophila, and artificial core promoters, respectively, we find that the use of endogenous core promoters is essential for high-level expression of transgenic constructs.ConclusionsWith the established GAL4/UAS binary expression system, ectopic misexpression approaches are now feasible in Tribolium. Our results support the contention that high-level transgene expression usually requires endogenous regulatory sequences, including endogenous core promoters in Tribolium and probably also other model systems.
Highlights
The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has developed into an insect model system second only to Drosophila
With this work we establish the GAL4/Upstream Activating Sequence (UAS) system in Tribolium. We show that both GAL4Δ and GAL4VP16 transactivate well, with GAL4Δ being slightly more efficient
Transgenic beetles for each of these constructs were crossed to beetles carrying a responder with lacZ under the control of UAST (Fig. 1f) or UASp [20,28]
Summary
The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has developed into an insect model system second only to Drosophila. As a coleopteran it represents the most species-rich metazoan taxon which includes many pest species. The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has become established as an important model system, from a group of insects - the Coleoptera - that comprises one fourth of all described animal species [1] including numerous pests (boll weevil, corn rootworm, Colorado potato beetle and Asian longhorn beetle). Evolutionary questions require comparative functional data from several species. Many processes are derived in Drosophila and data from more insect typical taxa is needed. Recent development of genetic techniques has rendered Tribolium the second best insect model system.
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