FUNCTIONAL-SEMANTIC FIELD OF GRADUATION CATEGORY IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

Abstract

There are a lot of scientific researches on semantic relations in world languages, in particular, the study of the status of graduality as a general linguistic phenomenon. Since gradation plays a special role in human cognitive activity, in determining the pragmatic aspect of speech acts, it is important to conduct a scientific research on the description of gradation, classification, peculiarities of expressions in non-relative languages. Particular attention is paid to the research aimed at revealing the similarities and differences of cognitive, semantic and pragmatic features of languages of different typological nature. The status of gradation is defined differently by linguists, which can be explained by the complexity, versatility, and prevalence of this phenomenon in a language.Gradual relations are marked in the categories of semantics, parts of speech, functional-semantic categories, complex syntactic structures, grammatical meaning, categorical signs, speech lexicon, in the system of connotational meanings of words and phrases, internal text gradation in complex sentences, and so on.This, in turn, indicates how broad the scope of the research on linguistic gradation is. Defining the essence of the category of gradation implies the study of it together with the relevant logical-philosophical concepts. In philosophy, gradation is not distinguished as an important concept. While it is related to concepts such as quality, quantity, and measurement on the one hand, we can observe that it is inextricably linked with the concept of action on the other. Accordingly, in this article, qualitative and quantitative signs serve as a criterion for the formation of systematically related dialectical integrity. Based on the theory of measurement, the grading process can be expressed in the form of a scale that records each phase of change using special signs.In this way, the ontological nature of gradation is defined by some linguists, that is, gradation is classified as a scale represented in steps as a variable object. The phenomenon of gradation exists in the language system, as noted above, and requires in-depth study in semantic and functional terms. Gradual sign, as a sign of change, is a phenomenon that is manifested, to a certain extent, or another, which is characterized by size, relativity, and variability.The functional-semantic features of gradation require a cognitive approach. This approach implies that a language is studied not only as a unique object but also as a means of relating to all the textual processes that take place in the human mind.