Abstract
To selectively reduce the yield of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the cigarette smoke, functional porous carboxymethyl cellulose/cellulose acetate (CMC/CA) composite microspheres were prepared via the double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Cupric ions, which have a high complexing ability toward HCN, were introduced to the CMC/CA composite microspheres during the fabrication process via an in situ ion cross-link method. The microspheres were characterized using nitrogen adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microspheres have a predominantly macroporous structure indicating weak physisorption properties, but sufficient functional cupric ion groups to selectively adsorb HCN. With these CMC/CA microspheres as filter additives, the smoke yield of HCN could be reduced up to 50%, indicating the great potential of these microspheres as absorbents for removing HCN from cigarette smoke.
Highlights
Cigarette smoke, which is well-recognized as one of the most important causes of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease is an extremely complex aerosol stream that consisted of more than 5000 identified chemicals, covering a range of chemical groups and functionalities, as well as a board range of volatilities, from permanent gases to compounds with low vapor pressures
Porous carboxymethyl cellulose/cellulose acetate (CMC/cellulose acetate (CA)) composite microspheres were prepared via the double emulsion-solvent evaporation method
Porous Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/CA composite microspheres were prepared using the double emulsion-solvent evaporation method, and the cupric (Cu2+2+ ) ions were introduced to the CMC/CA composite evaporation method, and the cupric (Cu ) ions were introduced to the CMC/CA composite microspheres during the fabrication process via an in situ ion cross-link method (Figure 1)
Summary
Cigarette smoke, which is well-recognized as one of the most important causes of lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease is an extremely complex aerosol stream that consisted of more than 5000 identified chemicals, covering a range of chemical groups and functionalities, as well as a board range of volatilities, from permanent gases to compounds with low vapor pressures. The modification of the adsorbents by introducing functional groups was developed to improve the adsorption capacity and reduction efficiency of smoke toxicants that have high vapor pressures at ambient temperature. An effective means to cope with the dilemma is the modification of cellulose by grafting the cellulose with functional polymers containing abundant functional groups, such as carboxyl, amino, and amide groups [10,11,12] These adsorbents usually exhibit high adsorption capacity and high selectivity. CMC and CA, the two most-used commercially available cellulose derivatives, were chosen to fabricate into porous composite microspheres to reduce HCN from cigarette smoke. CA was chosen due to its wide usage in cigarette filter materials and the easy fabrication into porous microspheres with connected pores, which is beneficial for the smoke passing through and contacting with the active sites Combining these benefits, a high HCN removal efficiency is expected for these porous composite microspheres.
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