Abstract
Understanding the molecular interaction and morphology of organic-inorganic hybrid materials is an important and fundamental assignment to develop novel high-performance materials. In this work, we developed two types of hybrid coating materials by using different silane coupling agents via Michael addition reaction and ring-opening polymerization. The changes in molecular interaction and morphology of the hybrid coatings due to chemical composition and curing temperature were studied by electron microscopy, spectroscopy and solid state 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Fundamental differences were observed in HYBRID I and HYBRID II coatings during the nucleation stage that was dependent on the curing temperature. Higher curing temperature of the hybrid coatings resulted in improved uniformity and greater crystallinity of dispersed phases, and better control of the morphology compared with coatings cured at lower temperatures. The higher curing temperature provided more consistent nucleation sites for the growth of larger nanostructures of desired characteristics (e.g., size and surface features). There is great flexibility in synthesizingg these hybrid materials where different structure and morphology can be achieved to produce materials whose applications can range from adhesives to protective coatings. Refractive index results revealed that HYBRID I (90 °C) coating showed higher refractive index than HYBRID II (90 °C) coating.
Highlights
The successful development of hybrid material depends upon the ability to control the material structure to achieve desirable properties[1,2,3,4]
These figures indicated that the Si-O-Si band intensity increased with increasing temperature in both hybrids and the Si-O-Si band intensity was higher in HYBRID I compared to HYBRID II
The spectra showed (Fig. SI-1 and 1: Expanded zone of Si-O-Si symmetric stretching zone) that the intensity of Si–O– Si bands at 479 and 1078 cm−1 increased in the case of HYBRID I compared to HYBRID II, and more siloxane network formed in the hybrid system with increasing temperature
Summary
The successful development of hybrid material depends upon the ability to control the material structure to achieve desirable properties[1,2,3,4]. Hybrid materials are frequently prepared by the combination of organic and inorganic molecules by electrostatic interactions or chemical bonding between the two components. Sometimes, this can lead to unpredictable properties. Hybrids are an interesting class of materials that potentially have utility in a multitude of applications because they can be tailored to have combinations of excellent properties such as high mechanical strength, ample flexibility, and variable electrical and thermal conductivities. Donley et al.[18] reported on key parameters in the beginning stage (sol–gel processing), coating application and the end stage (curing) processes in the GPTMS/TMOS system They characterized the solution chemistry of the hybrid materials by NMR, light scattering and GPC techniques. The studies above just describe a small example of the possibilities of hybrid materials that remain largely unexplored, but where endless new types may be synthesized and unique properties achieved
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