Abstract
Using the methods of scanning electron microscopy, morphological and functional features of the mucous membrane of the corners of the mouth in representatives of Bovinae cattle [Bos taurus taurus] with normal and insufficient nutrition and their adaptive significance were revealed. Determination of the morphology of the mucous membrane and its functional structures of the corners of the mouth of ruminants by the specificity of their nutrition and physical condition is shown. Compensatory mechanisms have been identified in the mucous membrane of the corners of the mouth in Bos taurus taurus, caused by poor-quality malnutrition. The ultrastructural features of the architectonics of the mucous membrane and its functional structures of the corners of the mouth and microbiome were revealed in connection with the specific nutritional characteristics of the compared animals. The obtained information can be used in development of the foundations of rational feeding of ruminants, including keeping wild species in captivity and solving the problems of rational nature management and conservation of biodiversity.
Highlights
Adaptation to herbivorousness has played a significant role in the evolution of mammals
The morphological and functional structures of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity of ruminants - the papillae of the corners of the mouth, which play a significant role in the processes of obtaining and processing plant food in ruminants — have not been studied at all, there is no description of the oral microbiome, and its role in the processes of digestion and formation of food specialization
The results of our comparative studies of the morphology of the papillae of the oral mucosa in bulls (Bos taurus taurus), under different conditions of maintenance and nutrition, at the electronic microscopic level, revealed a general plan of their structure, as well as features reflecting the specificity of nutrition
Summary
Adaptation to herbivorousness has played a significant role in the evolution of mammals It determined their ecological, behavioral and morphophysiological adaptations. In the selection of ruminants, the achievement of programmable results is used in order to combine the productivity potential with adaptation to the conditions of industrial technologies, and any trait can be selected as a target [14], [15], [16], [17]. All this indicates the growing importance of studies of the morphophysiological adaptive characteristics of the breeding material. Based on the foregoing, the study of the morphofunctional features of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity of ruminants and the microbiome on its surface, in connection with the specifics of nutrition, has undoubted theoretical and practical importance
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