Selected dynamics of human interference and impact on the reed forests of the Sylhet region

Abstract

The reed forest of the Sylhet region is of enormous ecological and socioeconomic importance but has been rapidly eroded in recent years. The present research focuses on the extent and dynamics of dependency of local people on the forest, the socioeconomic impact on the reed forest resources, challenges and problems of biodiversity management, and people's perceptions and views on conservation. Fieldwork was conducted on the two Thanas of Companigonj and Dowarabazar, and empirical study tools included socioeconomic survey, participatory rural appraisal, in-depth interview and a preliminary forest resource inventory. Field observations reveal that over-exploitation of forest products, organized large-scale encroachment, changed land-use patterns (notably conversion to agriculture), low degree of public awareness, and habitat destruction are the main causes of biodiversity loss. Education has a clear link with forest resource collection from the reed forests: the higher the level of education, the lower the extent of reed collection. The most pressing challenges to biodiversity management and conservation include excessive population pressure, poverty, lack of education, inadequate employment and alternative income generation opportunities, and a low degree of awareness of the value of biodiversity conservation. Most respondents believe that the process of encroachment on reed forest land is influenced and manipulated by powerful vested interest groups consisting mostly of local government and political leaders, moneyed traders, or corrupt officials. The villagers are aware of forest destruction, and express concerns about the impacts and implications of denudation of the resource and associated biodiversity loss, e.g.: scarcity of fodder; destruction of homesteads by waves and surges especially in the rainy season in oxbow lakes and a reduction in wildlife. Most villagers suggest that the forest department should explore possibilities of introducing community-based social forestry and biodiversity conservation programmes in the forests with active participation of the local people. A process of systematic public consultation should be started immediately towards this end. An integrated management plan should be developed, in close consultation with the community, which addresses such demands and land usage concerning wood and non-wood products, agriculture, fisheries and conservation of ecosystems to promote biodiversity of flora and fauna. Core and buffer zones must be delineated when allocating land use in reed forest areas.