Abstract
Colour patterns based on micro-nano structure have attracted enormous research interests due to unique optical switches and smart surface applications in photonic crystal, superhydrophobic surface modification, controlled adhesion, inkjet printing, biological detection, supramolecular self-assembly, anti-counterfeiting, optical device and other fields. In traditional methods, many patterns of micro-nano structure are derived from changes of refractive index or lattice parameters. Generally, the refractive index and lattice parameters of photonic crystals are processed by common solvents, salts or reactive monomers under specific electric, magnetic and stress conditions. This review focuses on the recent developments in the fabrication of micro-nano structures for patterns including styles, materials, methods and characteristics. It summarized the advantages and disadvantages of inkjet printing, angle-independent photonic crystal, self-assembled photonic crystals by magnetic field force, gravity, electric field, inverse opal photonic crystal, electron beam etching, ion beam etching, laser holographic lithography, imprinting technology and surface wrinkle technology, etc. This review will provide a summary on designing micro-nano patterns and details on patterns composed of photonic crystals by surface wrinkles technology and plasmonic micro-nano technology. In addition, colour patterns as switches are fabricated with good stability and reproducibility in anti-counterfeiting application. Finally, there will be a conclusion and an outlook on future perspectives.
Highlights
MethodPhotonic crystal latexes such as silica [102], polystyrene [103], and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [104], and responsive functional monomers [105,106,107,108,109]
Researchers are inspired to discover new materials and structures to understand the mechanisms of stimulus response processes and Advances in Polymer Technology structural colour formation. e arti cial structural colour is produced by the interactions of natural light with microstructures, which is di erent from pigmentary colour produced by selective absorption of natural light
Patterns were achieved by soaking the lm with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate by a mask, and they were hard to be distinguished in relaxed condition as the unshielded region caused slight change, it could be instant by non-uniform deformation caused by the di erent elasticity between the cross-linked and uncrosslinked sections
Summary
Photonic crystal latexes such as silica [102], polystyrene [103], and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [104], and responsive functional monomers [105,106,107,108,109]. By controlling the self-assembly conditions (substrate wettability [110, 111], substrate temperature [112], colloidal particle size [113], paper surface [114]), photonic crystal structure can be prepared quickly, and at low cost. E photonic crystal obtained by the gravity is difficult to control and is prone to defects Template agent such as silica, polystyrene or polymethyl methacrylate microspheres, precursors such as metal salts, metal alkoxides, metal oxides, inorganic salt solutions and organic substances. PDMS [134], polystyrene [135] and shape memory materials [136,137,138,139] are used as base materials, organic polymer materials [140], metal materials [141], and inorganic materials [142] can be used as surface hard layer materials.
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