Functional connectivity of an endemic tree frog in a highly threatened tropical dry forest in Mexico

Abstract

ABSTRACT The increase in anthropogenic activities that lead to fragmentation and habitat loss, could result in a reduction of connectivity among habitat patches of terrestrial species. We used ecological niche models, circuit and graph theories to evaluate functional connectivity among home-range patches and suitable habitat patches of the Mexican Leaf Frog (Agalychnis dacnicolor), in a heterogeneous landscape of tropical dry forest (TDF) in central-western Mexico. We found high connectivity among home-range patches within the Chamela-Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve (CCBR) and among those surrounding the CCBR. Similarly, suitable habitat patches along the Pacific slope (except those in the South) were well-connected. Conversely, we detected weak connectivity in the southern and eastern parts of the study area, which is in accordance with the poor habitat quality and fragmentation that characterize that zone. Suitable habitat patches with the largest areas of TDF were the most important in maintaining functional connectivity, but only one patch was within a natural protected area. Our results highlight the importance of conserving large and continuous patches of habitat in a very threatened landscape to maintain connectivity in A. dacnicolor and probably in other anurans.