Adoption d’un nouveau cadre mondial pour la biodiversité : bilan critique de la COP 15

Abstract

ABSTRACT The preparation of a new global framework for the post-2020 period occupied a central place in the intergovernmental negotiations on biodiversity from 2018 to 2022. The framework had to be adopted at the fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity. This article presents a critical analysis of COP 15 based on a recount of past biodiversity governance initiatives at the global scale, a review of the negotiations held from 2018 to 2022, and a comparison of the expectations and results of the conference. The objective is to offer a critical appraisal of COP 15 based on interviews realized during and after the conference with experts and practitioners, as well as a review of the scientific literature and official documentation. The appraisal raises four main critics pertaining to the limits of the targets, governance tools, text clarity, and the approach to the new global framework. The results contribute to the reflection on biodiversity governance, the evaluation of international negotiations, and the discussions on the operationalization and implementation of the new global biodiversity framework.