Abstract
Chlorantraniliprole (CAP) is a widely used insecticide in many areas due to its excellent insecticidal ability and mammalian safety, however, the removal of CAP has not been extensively studied. In this study, a bacterial strain GW13, which is capable of co-metabolizing CAP, was isolated from a vegetable field soil. The strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on its physico-biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene analysis. The bacterial strain GW13 could degrade CAP through co-metabolism, and glucose was the best additional carbon resource. In the presence of 1.0 g/L glucose, GW13 could co-metabolize over 80% of 200 mg/L CAP in 24 h. The degradation rate increased after 6 h and slowed again after 10 h. The GW13 genome analysis revealed many genes associated with metabolism, showing the degradation mechanism of GW13 from the genomic perspective. The EAWAG-BBD (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database) prediction results showed that the main pathway for CAP degradation is amide hydrolysis, which is consistent with many genes associated with amidase in the GW13 genome. This study may facilitate research on CAP biodegradation mechanisms in the environment.
Highlights
Chlorantraniliprole (CAP), an insecticide of the anthranilic diamide chemical group was developed by DuPont [1]
Strain GW13 was chosen for further study
The phylogenetic tree showed strain GW13 is closest to P. japonica NBRC 103040
Summary
Chlorantraniliprole (CAP), an insecticide of the anthranilic diamide chemical group was developed by DuPont [1]. While many studies have focused on CAP application, few studies have investigated the degradation mechanism of CAP in the environment [5]. With the increasing service time of CAP, the accumulation of residues in soil and the environmental risks need to be considered, even though CAP exhibits minimal mammalian toxicity [6]. In consideration of public health and ecological environmental protection, some countries or regulatory bodies, such as China, the European Union, and the Codex Alimentarius Commission, have made standards or laws to restrict the residue levels of CAP in food. Because of the limited biodegradation of CAP, photolysis and hydrolysis are the two primary methods of CAP degradation in the environment. CAP was hydrolyzed with a half-life of approximately 10 days at pH 9, and the photolytic half-life of CAP in sterile aqueous buffer solution (pH 7.0) under continuous irradiation was 0.37 days [7,8,9]
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