Abstract
Probiotics are an eco-friendly and prospective substitute for antibiotic growth promoters. The present investigation aimed to dissect the probiotic attributes of a poultry isolate CGS1.1 by integrating genomics and phenotypic traits. The strain exhibited bile salt hydrolase activity and ∼73% survival in simulated gastrointestinal juices. It displayed notable aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Interestingly, the strain CGS1.1 completely inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. enterica after 24 h in liquid co-culture assay. The strain CGS1.1 effectively hydrolyzes starch, cellulose, pectin, tributyrin, casein, and phytate. The in silico genome analysis revealed its identity as Bacillus velezensis. Genome annotation revealed the presence of genes encoding the aforementioned probiotic properties. Furthermore, CGS1.1 was found to be non-hemolytic and sensitive to major classes of antibiotics. No potent virulent factor or toxin encoding genes could be predicted in CGS1.1 genome signifying its safety. The results demonstrate the potential of CGS1.1 as a probiotic to promote chicken growth and control pathogens.
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