Functional activity of hematopoetic progenitor cells in myelodysplastic syndrome in vitro

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Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of blood system clonal diseases, which leads to dysplastic changes in the bone marrow and ineffective hematopoiesis. Impaired bone marrow functional activity in myelodysplastic syndrome is a consequence of a genetic transformation of a pluripotent stem cell, accompanied by multilinear cytopenia. Evaluation of the colony-forming ability of hematopoietic bone marrow progenitor cells in the in vitro system reveals the peculiarities of their functioning. The aim of the study was to determine the features of the functional conditions of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) in myelodysplastic syndrome in a culture with the semi-solid agar. Bone marrow samples of 15 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, namely refractory anemia with an excess of blasts 1 were cultured in DMEM medium with 20 % FBS, 1 % of antibiotics (penicillin / streptomycin) and L-glutamine and 50 ng/ml GM-CSF in the semi-solid agar for 14 days under 100 % humidity, 5 % CO2 and 37 °C. The behavior of hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro was investigated, both for prognostic purposes and to elucidate the role of HPC in the myeloproliferative process. Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome had a significantly lower number of colonies compared with the control – 5.1±2.3 and 38.6±1.2 per 1×105 of explanted cells, respectively. Compact, compact with a “circlet” and diffuse types of colonies were distinguished in the culture. The ability to cluster formation was also significantly reduced – 9.2±2.1 and 65.1±3.5 per 1×105 of explanted cells, respectively. Among other aggregates, the formation of fibroblast-like cells with hematopoietic rounded cells on their surface was distinguished (1.0±0.1 per 1×105 of explanted cells). It was shown that bone marrow cells of people with myelodysplastic syndrome have a reduced ability to colony and cluster formation, and some cell aggregates are characterized by an irregular shape and the presence of fibroblast-like cells in their composition. The ineffective hematopoiesis can be caused by a transformation of the hematopoietic stem cell and its posterity.Manuscript received 15.04.2020