Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must tolerate various environmental stresses. Plant hormones play vital roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these hormones, jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursors and derivatives (jasmonates, JAs) play important roles in the mediation of plant responses and defenses to biotic and abiotic stresses and have received extensive research attention. Although some reviews of JAs are available, this review focuses on JAs in the regulation of plant stress responses, as well as JA synthesis, metabolism, and signaling pathways. We summarize recent progress in clarifying the functions and mechanisms of JAs in plant responses to abiotic stresses (drought, cold, salt, heat, and heavy metal toxicity) and biotic stresses (pathogen, insect, and herbivore). Meanwhile, the crosstalk of JA with various other plant hormones regulates the balance between plant growth and defense. Therefore, we review the crosstalk of JAs with other phytohormones, including auxin, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Finally, we discuss current issues and future opportunities in research into JAs in plant stress responses.
Highlights
As sessile organisms, plants must tolerate various environmental stresses
jasmonic acid (JA)-Ile acts to facilitate the interaction between jasmonate zinc-finger inflorescence meristem (JAZ) and coronatine insensitive 1 (COI1) protein within the Skp1p–cullin–F-box protein (SCF) complex, and promotes degradation of JAZ proteins (JAZx, JAZy, and JAZz), resulting in the activation of JAZ-interacting transcription factors (TFs: TFa, TFb, TFc) (Figure 1)
The results demonstrated that JA–GA signaling regulates the activity of the defensive proteins polyphenol oxidases (PPOs)
Summary
Plants live in the ever-changing natural environment and encounter many factors that are not suitable for growth or even survival [1]. Environmental stimuli are recognized by cell surface receptors, triggering de novo synthesis of JA-Ile from plastid lipids, which results in downstream transcription factor interactions and promotion of growth, development, and specific protective mechanisms in plants [12] In this reaction, JA-Ile acts to facilitate the interaction between jasmonate zinc-finger inflorescence meristem (JAZ) and coronatine insensitive 1 (COI1) protein within the Skp1p–cullin–F-box protein (SCF) complex, and promotes degradation of JAZ proteins (JAZx, JAZy, and JAZz), resulting in the activation of JAZ-interacting transcription factors (TFs: TFa, TFb, TFc) (Figure 1). Sci. 2021, 22, x FOR PEER REVIEW have attracted extensive research interest in the field of plant–environment interactions
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