Abstract
With large-scale integration of electric vehicles, this paper investigates the load frequency control problem in an islanded microgrid with plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), which can be regarded as mobile battery energy storages to provide a valuable contribution to frequency regulation. A novel fully-distributed control strategy is proposed to achieve fast frequency regulation of islanded microgrids and effective coordination control of distributed energy sources. Firstly, distributed control based on an improved linear active disturbance rejection algorithm is realized through a multi-agent system, and it greatly enhances the anti-disturbance capability of the microgrid. Then, in order to guarantee the effectiveness of PEVs in frequency regulation, PEVs are controlled following the controllable power rate (CPR) calculated from the consensus-based multi-agent system. Furthermore, the system control construction in this paper is well designed to avoid the negative effects caused by system communication time delay. Finally, numerical simulations under different disturbances are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy in comparison with other previous control strategies.
Highlights
With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs), the microgrid, which is regarded as a promising approach to integrate various distributed generation resources with the power grid, is attracting more interest from scholars
The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated by two different simulation cases including: Case A: simulations are under load demand change and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs)
The plug-in electric vehicles are regarded as mobile battery energy storages and provide a valuable contribution to frequency regulation
Summary
With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs), the microgrid, which is regarded as a promising approach to integrate various distributed generation resources with the power grid, is attracting more interest from scholars. Researchers have proposed various distributed control strategies based on MAS to maintain the frequency stability of the microgrid with plug-in electric vehicles. A novel fully-distributed load frequency control strategy for the islanded microgrid with the contribution of plug-in electric vehicles is proposed in this paper. A new performance indicator named the controllable power rate (CPR) is proposed to coordinate the PEVs’ output power, and the CPR is calculated through consensus-based MAS The advantages of this design in comparison to other works is as follows: The CPR is only used to dispatch the total power that needs to be adjusted, that is to say the communication time delay of CPR does not affect the control activity of local controllers.
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