Fully 3D fluid outflow from a spherical source

Abstract

We consider fully three-dimensional time-dependent outflow from a source into a surrounding fluid of different density. The source is distributed over a sphere of finite radius. The nonlinear problem is formulated using a spectral approach in which two streamfunctions and the density are represented as a Fourier-type series with time-dependent coefficients that must be calculated. Linearized theories are also discussed and an approximate stability condition for early stages in the outflow is derived. Nonlinear solutions are presented and different outflow shapes adopted by the fluid interface are investigated. doi: 10.1017/S1446181122000098