Fullerenes Materials Contribute to Ordered Interfacial Cell Water Improving Cellular Electrodynamics and Oxidative Stress Management

Abstract

The role of water in living systems is complex and a primary mediator of localized and long‐range biological effects in the cell. Of the approximately 70% of cell water, 20‐30% forms a structured semi‐crystalline gel state of water layers, where it also hydrates surfaces of biomolecules and cell structures and is essential for life. Decreases in ordered interfacial water are associated with cellular dysfunction and disease. This interfacial water behaves quantumly. The customary Coulomb Law of electrostatics does not apply, allowing the accumulation of tissues composed of negatively charged cell bodies. Interfacial water is responsible for the thermodynamics of proton and electron transfer and long‐range quantum electrodynamic coherence coordinating quantum criticality of the cellular machinery and systemic integration necessary of complex organisms. We propose that fullerene material increases interfacial water ordering, beneficially altering its electromagnetic properties. Fullerene materials can bind with cellular structures and protein secondary structures not typically available for water interaction, through weak van der Waals forces or pi‐pi stacking arrangements containing aromatic rings with dense pi electron clouds and hydrophobic functional groups. Modulating partial charges, dipoles, and quadrupoles in fullerene materials that result from coherent microtubule‐generated electromagnetic fields helps enhance and extend long‐range ordered water layers and electrostatics between hydrophobic molecules thought necessary for the self‐assembly of bio‐macromolecules. We propose that fullerenes short and long‐range enhancement of structured interfacial water contributes to many of the observed effects of fullerenes in vivo, including a non‐stoichiometric redox mechanism for the well‐established antioxidant activity of fullerene materials.