Abstract
X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) was performed on a high-intensity synchrotron radiation source or a pencil beam with a long exposure time due to the low emission and detection efficiency of x-ray fluorescence photons. For the first time, the feasibility and experimental results of a full-field fan-beam XFCT with a photon-counting detector array are presented. This full-field fan-beam XFCT consists of a conventional low-intensity x-ray tube, an energy-sensitive photon-counting detector array, and a tungsten pinhole collimator. A phantom containing gadolinium solution (Kα, 42.74 keV) was scanned for 30 min using a polychromatic x-ray fan beam with a third-generation computed tomography (CT) geometry. After scattering and attenuation corrections, experimental results showed that XFCT had better accuracy and performance than spectral CT. Full-field XFCT is a promising modality for biomedical imaging of exogenous molecular probes containing nanoparticles of high atomic number.
Highlights
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is important for various applications, such as medical diagnosis, industrial nondestructive testing, and security inspection
We report the first experimental results obtained using a full-field fanbeam X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) consisting of a conventional low-intensity xray tube, a multibin photon-counting detector array, and a tungsten pinhole collimator
The Kα peak of gadolinium was located at 42.74 keV; the data within the 40- to 45-keV energy bin were used for XFCT
Summary
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is important for various applications, such as medical diagnosis, industrial nondestructive testing, and security inspection. Traditional x-ray CT image values provide information only on the linear attenuation coefficients weighted by the spectrum of the incident x-ray beam and cannot accurately identify tumors and constituents This drawback persists in other advanced imaging modes, including molecular imaging with dynamic contrast-enhanced CT.[1] As a state-of-theart technique, spectral CT with multienergy-bin photoncounting detectors enables K-edge imaging. This method uses the K-absorption edge discontinuity of the attenuation coefficients of high-atomic-number elements, such as gadolinium and gold, whose K-edges lie within 50.2 and 80.7 keV, respectively. We report the first experimental results (to the best of our knowledge) obtained using a full-field fanbeam XFCT consisting of a conventional low-intensity xray tube, a multibin photon-counting detector array, and a tungsten pinhole collimator
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