Abstract
The antiviral activity of different structure fucoidans (α-l-fucans and galactofucans) was studied using two model viral systems based on a lentiviral vectors and a replication competent Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV). It was found that investigated fucoidans have no cytotoxic effects on Jurkat and SC-1cell at the concentration range of 0.001–100 µg/mL. Fucoidans with different efficiency suppressed transduction of Jurkat cell line by pseudo-HIV-1 particles carrying the envelope protein of HIV-1 and infection of SC-1 cells by Mo-MuLV. According to our data, all natural fucoidans can be considered as potential anti-HIV agents regardless of their carbohydrate backbone and degree of sulfating, since their activity is shown at low concentrations (0.001–0.05 µg/mL). High molecular weight fucoidans isolated from Saccharina cichorioides (1.3-α-l-fucan), and S. japonica (galactofucan) were the most effective inhibitors.
Highlights
Virus entry into the cell is a key stage in the extension of viral infection
We indicated that fucoidans do not prevent the transduction of marker enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene by the pseudo-HIV-1 particles containing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-G envelope protein, this data indicate specific action of tested inhibitors against HIV-1
It can be concluded that antiviral activity of investigated fucoidans depends on the type of virus, more precise on the envelope protein species
Summary
Most enveloped viruses enter the cell only after interaction of viral envelope proteins with the specific receptors on the cell surface. For many viruses it was found that the contact with the specific receptor is preceded by non-specific interaction with the primary receptor. The contact of retrovirus with the primary receptor is required for subsequent strong interactions with receptor/coreceptor specific for retroviruses of each group of interference [1,2]. The search for effective inhibitors that inhibit the interaction of viruses with cellular heparan sulfate is an important task, the solution of which can lead to the creation of a broad spectrum preparation effective for different groups of pathogenic retroviruses including HIV-1 [3]
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