Abstract
Despite the importance of passion fruit for the Brazilian fruit market, there are still many agronomic and fruit quality problems to be solved, in order to increase this crop performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of twelve genotypes of wild, sweet and yellow passion fruit, aiming to identify promising materials considering fruit quality, in Federal District, Brazil. An experiment was carried out at the Água Limpa Farm of the Universidade de Brasília (UnB) from 2016 to 2018, in a randomized block design, with 12 treatments, 4 replicates and 6 plants/plot. At the harvesting time, six fruits per plot were randomly collected for the following physicochemical analysis: fruit mass, pulp mass with and without seeds, length/longitudinal diameter, width/transverse diameter, length/width ratio, husk thickness, predominant color of the pulp (L*, C*, h*), number of seeds, seed size, total soluble solids content, total titratable acidity, total soluble solids/total titratable acidity ratio and pH. High heritability values and relation of genetic/environment variation coefficients ratio were observed for most of the characteristics evaluated. The genotypes of yellow passion fruit MAR20#21 P2 x FB 200 P1 R2 and MAR20#19 ROXO R4 x ECRAM P3 R3 showed the best characteristics of fruit mass and pulp mass with seed. All the genotypes studied showed values of total soluble solids above 11ºBrix. Positive and significant correlation was observed between fruit mass and length/width ratio, indicating that oblong fruits have higher fruit mass.
Highlights
Fruit industry is a growing activity in Brazil, generating jobs and income, which contributes to the development of fruit poles in the country
The genotypes of yellow passion fruit MAR20#21 P2 x FB 200 P1 R2 and MAR20#19 ROXO R4 x ECRAM P3 R3 showed the best characteristics of fruit mass and pulp mass with seed
The analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the cultivars/genotypes, at 5% of probability by the F test (Table 2), for the physical and chemical characteristics evaluated, except for the width of the fruits (LRG)
Summary
Fruit industry is a growing activity in Brazil, generating jobs and income, which contributes to the development of fruit poles in the country. In this context, the importance of passion fruit is increasing in Brazil, despite some agronomic problems of this culture, such as low yields and fruits unevenness (Santos et al 2017). The yellow passion fruit undergoes through several physical and chemical changes, mainly due to the synthesis and the degradation of several substances. The color change of the husk is the main criteria used to determine the best harvest time of the yellow passion fruit and reflects the physico-chemical changes which takes place during the fruit ripening process (Reolon et al 2009)
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