Abstract
This study analyzes the social impact of nanotechnology when integrated with ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria, highlighting its capacity to promote social inclusion, sustainable practices, and economic development. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, combining a literature review, expert consultations, and the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate dimensions such as economic, social, environmental, and governance aspects. The results demonstrate that nanotechnology plays a transformative role in sectors like healthcare, agriculture, and energy, advancing innovations such as controlled drug delivery systems, more efficient fertilizers, and renewable energy sources. These technologies generate direct and indirect jobs, enhance professional training, and expand access to innovations in vulnerable regions. However, challenges include the need for robust public policies, technical training, and specific regulations to mitigate risks related to nanomaterial toxicity and disposal. The analysis emphasizes the importance of traceability in supply chains and ethical practices that integrate circular economy principles and social inclusion. Public-private partnerships and tools like Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) are highlighted as strategies to align technological innovation with global sustainability goals. The study concludes that nanotechnology is a strategic tool for addressing global challenges, provided it is supported by ethical governance and a collective commitment to maximizing its positive impacts in an ever-evolving landscape.
Published Version
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