From manual to automated driving: how does trust evolve?

Abstract

Technological innovations have made driving automation closer and closer to reality. Despite this, the adoption of highly automated driving by the public is not guaranteed yet, and trust in vehicle automation seems to play an important role in drivers’ behaviour and acceptance. The goal of the current paper is to (1) present general concepts related to trust and trust in automation, (2) summarize and compare theoretical models concerning trust in automation proposed in recent years, (3) present a systematic review of studies dealing with trust in automated driving from the driver point of view, and organize these trust-influencing factors following an already established classification, and finally (4) synthetize and discuss the previously presented findings and their practical implications. Relevance Statement Driving automation brings its share of promises in terms of road safety and comfort increase. Yet, these benefits cannot be gained if automated driving systems remain unused by drivers. Trust in automation was shown to have a decisive influence on human use of technology. This paper aims to present a literature review of factors influencing trust in automated driving, in order to improve knowledge and better understand their impact on drivers’ trust. It also aims to propose future research directions in order to address highlighted gaps.