From Diagnosis to Remission Navigating Innovative Tumor Markers and Uncovering Hidden Risk in Breast Cancer Care, a Review Article.

Abstract

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its management requires a multi-disciplinary approach. This review article aims to provide an overview of the use of tumor markers in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring, as well as the assessment of risk for recurrence and the development of second primary tumors. The article also discusses the challenges associated with the interpretation of tumor marker results and the integration of risk assessment tools into clinical practice. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on tumor markers and risk assessment in breast cancer care, and offers insights into how these tools can be used to optimize patient outcomes. Method: This review article was conducted by searching electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, and Scopus, using a combination of keywords related to breast cancer, tumor markers, risk assessment, and clinical management. The search was limited to articles published in English language, and the final selection was based on the relevance and quality of the studies. Tumor markers such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 are important in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. They can be used to guide treatment decisions, monitor response to therapy, and detect recurrence. Risk assessment tools such as Adjuvant! Online and PREDICT can also provide valuable information for clinicians and patients in making informed decisions regarding treatment and follow-up. However, the interpretation of tumor marker results and the integration of risk assessment tools into clinical practice requires careful consideration and collaboration between the multidisciplinary team. Conclusion: The review highlights the potential benefits and limitations of tumor markers in breast cancer care, including their ability to predict risk, monitor treatment response, and facilitate early detection of disease recurrence. However, the use of these markers must be balanced against their potential for false-positive and false-negative results, as well as the need for careful interpretation and clinical context.