From Cellulose, Shrimp and Crab Shells to Energy Storage EDLC Cells: The Study of Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Proton Conducting Chitosan-Based Biopolymer Blend Electrolytes.

Mohd F Z Kadir,Mohamad A Brza,Salah Raza Raza Saeed,Sewara J Mohammed,Muaffaq M M Nofal,Shakhawan Al-Zangana,Shujahadeen B B Aziz,Saro San,Muhamad H H Hamsan,Rebar T Abdulwahid

doi:10.3390/polym12071526

Abstract

In this study, solid polymer blend electrolytes (SPBEs) based on chitosan (CS) and methylcellulose (MC) incorporated with different concentrations of ammonium fluoride (NH4F) salt were synthesized using a solution cast technique. Both Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed a strong interaction and dispersion of the amorphous region within the CS:MC system in the presence of NH4F. To gain better insights into the electrical properties of the samples, the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were analyzed by electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) modeling. The highest conductivity of 2.96 × 10−3 S cm−1 was recorded for the sample incorporated with 40 wt.% of NH4F. Through transference number measurement (TNM) analysis, the fraction of ions was specified. The electrochemical stability of the electrolyte sample was found to be up to 2.3 V via the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) study. The value of specific capacitance was determined to be around 58.3 F/g. The stability test showed that the electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) system can be recharged and discharged for up to 100 cycles with an average specific capacitance of 64.1 F/g. The synthesized EDLC cell was found to exhibit high efficiency (90%). In the 1st cycle, the values of internal resistance, energy density and power density of the EDLC cell were determined to be 65 Ω, 9.3 Wh/kg and 1282 W/kg, respectively.

Highlights

Energy storage devices, such as lithium batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells using liquid electrolytes, have attracted significant attention in recent years, owing to their ionic nature
It has been revealed that CS in its pure state, which has a predominant crystalline phase, is characterized been revealed
100cycles cyclesand and(b)(b)power power density assembledEDLC. These patterns harmonized with the patterns of Cs, η and equivalent series resistance (ESR)

Summary

Introduction

Energy storage devices, such as lithium batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells using liquid electrolytes, have attracted significant attention in recent years, owing to their ionic nature. Designing a desirable device with a proper size and shape that fits liquid electrolytes is challenging [2]. This encourages scientists and researchers to work on the development of a safe and efficient solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). There is a special interest in the development of biodegradable and biocompatible natural polymers as SPEs [4] This is due to their abundance, biocompatibility, biodegradability and cost effectiveness [5]. These favorable properties have made scientific circles extensively utilize natural polymers in polymer electrolyte-based devices [6].

Results

Discussion

Conclusion