From Alpha to Omicron Genetic Variants: The Evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Other Beta Coronaviruses – A Narrative Overview from Public Health Point of View

Abstract

Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease-2019, caused by a new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) with a high morbidity and death rate, has emerged as one of humanity’s most serious dangers in recent decades. Because of the virus’s ongoing development, with its single-nucleotide polymorphism variations and many lineages, determining SARS-CoV-2 infectivity is very challenging. However, it is critical to do in-depth research on the virus to understand the mechanisms of its pathogenicity and virulence and to create efficient treatment methods. The current contribution compiles existing information on the virus’s evolutionary and structural characteristics to explain its mutational pattern and potential involvement in the ongoing epidemic.