Fried Sunflower Oil intake affects Bone Quality, in Growing Rats

Elisa Vanesa Macri,Silvia María Friedman,Nestor Pellegrino,Clarisa Bozzini,Cecilia Ramos,Patricia Mónica Boyer,Silvia Giacomino,Fima Lifshitz,Valeria Zago

doi:10.12944/crnfsj.7.1.06

Abstract

The effect of consuming a diet containing sunflower oil, which was repeatedly used to fry potatoes, on bone mass and biomechanical competence in growing rats, was investigated. Male Wistar rats (21±1 days old) (n=34) were assigned at weaning to one of three diet groups for 8 weeks: those fed a control diet (C; n=10), a sunflower oil (SFO; n=12) diet or a SFO diet which was repeatedly heated (SFOx; n=12); both mixed with a commercial rat chow at weight ratio of 13% (w/w). Zoometrics, food intake, serum fatty acids composition and lipid profile, total skeleton bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and femur biomechanical competence were assessed. Animals fed SFOx diet had altered body growth and showed both increased serum total cholesterol (T-chol) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-chol). SFOx rats also showed marked differences in BMC, their femur and tibiae had the lowest structural and geometrical properties, but material properties were unchanged. This study showed that growing male rats consuming a SFOx diet adversely affected their body growth, and lipid metabolism. Additionally their BMC and bone biomechanical properties were also altered due to modifications in bone geometric design.

Highlights

Dietary oxidized lipids, resulting from frying fats and oils, have been shown to induce negative biological effects.[1,2] Frying oil intensifies the oxidation rate and the unsaturated fatty acids content
This study showed that growing male rats consuming a SFOx diet adversely affected their body growth, and lipid metabolism
Body weights and body weight gain per day were significantly lower in the SFOx rats as compared with C and sunflower oil (SFO) groups (P = 0.030) at week 8

Summary

Introduction

Dietary oxidized lipids, resulting from frying fats and oils, have been shown to induce negative biological effects.[1,2] Frying oil intensifies the oxidation rate and the unsaturated fatty acids content. During heating and frying the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) yield more free fatty acids and more polar compounds which alter fatty acid composition and oil stability, altering the flavor and quality of food.[3,4]. Thermal oxidation of unsaturated triglycerides (TAGs) engenders oxidized TAGs, with formation of decomposition products and polymerized foodstuffs.[5] Triglycerides are oxidized and degraded, initially forming oxidized triglycerides 3 and upon further oxidation yielding aldehydes and ketones.[6] These products negatively impact the quality food,[7] and some of the frying compounds are potentially harmful.[5]

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Conclusion