Abstract
BackgroundCancer cachexia is a debilitating paraneoplastic syndrome featuring unintended weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy. Evidence suggests that bone health may also be compromised, further limiting mobility and quality of life. Aerobic and resistance training was recently reported to differentially affect skeletal muscle adaptations in cancer cachectic mice. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of aerobic and resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in mice with colon-26 (C26) tumor-induced cachexia.MethodsTwelve-month old Balb/c mice were aerobic-trained (wheel running 5 days/week) or resistance-trained (weighted ladder climbing 3days/week) for 8 weeks prior to C26 cell injection, followed by an additional three weeks of exercise. BMD and BMC were assessed pre- and post-training by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.ResultsResistance-trained C26 mice lost total BMD by 7% (p = 0.06), which did not occur in aerobic-trained C26 mice. In terms of pelvic bone, both resistance- and aerobic-trained C26 mice had significantly lower BMD values (−12%, p = 0.01 and −6%, p = 0.04, respectively), albeit to a lesser degree in aerobic-trained C26 mice. Furthermore, resistance-trained C26 mice tended to lose total BMC (−12%), whereas aerobic-trained C26 mice maintained total BMC. In mice without C26 tumors, resistance training significantly increased total BMD (+13%, p = 0.001).ConclusionsAerobic and resistance training may differentially affect bone status in C26 cancer cachexia, with high resistance loading possibly being detrimental to total and pelvis BMD, a region expected to bear significant loading stress and contribute substantially to overall mobility. Because resistance training improved BMD in tumor-free mice, the C26 tumor burden appeared to impair the beneficial effect of resistance training on bone mass.
Highlights
Cancer cachexia is a debilitating paraneoplastic syndrome featuring unintended weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy
Loss of total bone mineral content (BMC) and pelvis bone mineral density (BMD) in C26-tumor induced cachexia To first verify the induction of weight loss, Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-determined total body mass was analyzed by 2-way ANOVA (previously published in [14] and there was a significant main effect of time on total BMD (p ≤ 0.05)
Perspectives and Conclusions Therapies for cancer cachexia are likely to consist of multiple arms such as pharmaceutical agents, nutritional support, and exercise training
Summary
Cancer cachexia is a debilitating paraneoplastic syndrome featuring unintended weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy. Aerobic and resistance training was recently reported to differentially affect skeletal muscle adaptations in cancer cachectic mice The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of aerobic and resistance training on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) in mice with colon-26 (C26) tumor-induced cachexia. Half of all cancer patients undergo cachexia, a paraneoplastic syndrome featuring unintended weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy [1]. Targeted treatment of cachexia via antibodies improved both lean body mass and bone mineral density [12]. These findings are strongly supportive of the close relationship between cachexia and bone health. Bone health merits careful consideration and surveillance in patients that experience cachexia
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