Abstract
This study presents an antenna design that operates at the three bands of the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. The optimised Minkowski island fractal structure combined with the central window is used to design the radiation surface to reduce the size and adjust the resonance frequencies of the antenna. The antenna was designed, and simulated by HFSS computer code, and was fabricated on microwave laminate FR4-epoxy by fast laser prototyping. The resulting fractal antenna has been operating at three GPS-bands: f L2 = 1.227, f L5 = 1.176, and f L1 = 1.575 GHz, with return loss S 11 21.5 MHz, for VSWR < 2, at 50-Ω input impedance, the power gains ∼2.4, 2.85, and 4.2 dBi, and axial ratio of right-handed circular polarisation 1.5, 03, and 06 dB at f L5, f L2, and f L1, respectively. The simulated and experimental results agree favourable.
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