Frequency of Subdural and Epidural Hematoma in Brain Injury Via Computed Tomography in Trauma Center of DHQ Teaching Hospital Sargodha

Afzonia Tahir ,Ainan Arshad ,Moeed Alam ,Sajid Shaheen Malik ,Zeeshna Ali Haider Khan ,H. Muhammad Asif Hassan ,Muhammad Uzair ,Laraib Laraib ,Syed Muhammad Yousaf Farooq

doi:10.7176/jhmn/71-01

Abstract

At least 10 million TBIs serious enough to result in death or hospitalization occur annually. The mortality associated with acute subdural hematoma has been reported to range from 36-79%. Epidural hematoma occurs in approximately 2% of patients with head injuries and 5–15% of patients with fatal head injuries. Both can be caused by fall, motor vehicle crashes, assaults, blasts and sports activities. CT is best modality for diagnosis of brain injury. Objective: To measure the frequency of subdural and epidural hematoma in brain injury via computed tomography in trauma center of DHQ Teaching Hospital Sargodha. Methodology: In this descriptive study, among 137 patients of traumatic brain injury (TBIs) were selected with age and gender discrimination by convenient sampling, at Department of Radiology, DHQ Teaching Hospital Sargodha. Single slice Computed Tomography Toshiba asteion machine was used. Results: Out of 137 patients collected, 35 were females and 102 were males who visited emergency department due to brain Injury. It shows 25.5% were females and males were 74.5%.Out of 137 patients, 63.5% were injured with RTA and 35.8% came with the history of fall. 67.2% patients present with loss of consciousness, 67.9% patients with skull fractures and 73% with swelling. Out of 137 patients 85.4% develop SDH and 14.6% develop EDH. Conclusion: In this study we conclude that male develop larger number of brain injuries than females. Most patients with history of RTA had epidural hematoma. Females most likely develop subdural hematoma. Most patients with brain injury later develop subdural hematoma. Keywords: Subdural Hematoma, Epidural Hematoma, Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI), Road Traffic Accident(RTA) DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/71-01 Publication date: February 29 th 2020

Highlights

Polytrauma due to road traffic accidents (RTA) is a leading cause of brain injury in teenagers and young adults.1TBI may arise from physical damage by external blunt or penetrating trauma to the head, skull, dura, or brain or from acceleration-deceleration movement such as whiplash or coup-contrecoup, resulting in tearing or shearing of nerve fibers and bruising or contusion of the brain against opposite sides of the skull
The meninges are major connective tissue envelop that contribute the brain. Their salient features are to provide a protective coating to the blood brain barrier (BBB).[7]
There are two major types of hematoma named as subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Polytrauma due to road traffic accidents (RTA) is a leading cause of brain injury in teenagers and young adults.1TBI may arise from physical damage by external blunt or penetrating trauma to the head, skull, dura, or brain or from acceleration-deceleration movement such as whiplash or coup-contrecoup, resulting in tearing or shearing of nerve fibers and bruising or contusion of the brain against opposite sides of the skull. Hematoma expansion (HE) is a major determinant of early deterioration and death.5Head Injury can be defined as, "a morbid situation, resulting from gross or ultra fine structural changes of the skull and its contents.[6] The meninges are major connective tissue envelop that contribute the brain. Their salient features are to provide a protective coating to the blood brain barrier (BBB).[7] There are two major types of hematoma named as subdural hematoma and epidural hematoma. With this study we will measure the frequency of different types of hematoma results from brain injury in our population so that appropriate management can be selected for the patient

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Conclusion