Frequency of hand hygiene opportunities in patients on a general surgery service

Abstract

Some electronic hand hygiene (HH) monitoring systems require a benchmark of HH opportunities. To establish a benchmark, we measured rates of HH opportunities among general surgery patients at a tertiary care hospital. Trained observers recorded HH opportunities for newly admitted patients daily for up to 5 days. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the relationship between patient variables and the HH opportunity rate. A subset of observed HH events was compared to event data from an electronic HH monitoring system. We observed 2,404 HH opportunities over 677.4 care-hours for 23 patients (median 3.25 per hour; IQR 2.2-4.7, range 0-13). Rates of HH opportunities were significantly higher on admission day 1, for sessions starting before 9 AM, and for patients without roommates. HH was performed using alcohol-based hand rub from dispensers at the door to a patient's room more often than bedside or pocket dispensers (72.7% vs 20.8% or 5.1%). Electronic dispenser event counts did not match observed event counts. Our results provide a benchmark HH opportunity rate for general surgery patients, and highlight the importance of validating electronic HH event counts. Further research is needed to determine which patient factors affect HH opportunity rates.