Frequency of Cardiovascular Complications in Coronavirus-19 infected Patients during the second wave in a tertiary care Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan

Ayesha Tariq,Muhammad Arsalan Aslam,Amna Komal Khan,Wajeeha Aslam,Muhammad Saad Shabbir,Aneeza Jamshed,Ali Sajjad

doi:10.52229/pbmj.v4i1.51

Abstract

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) affects the cardiorespiratory systems by causing inflammation of the circulatory systems, hence, causing more cardiac complications in COVID-19 patients Objective: To observe the frequency of cardiac complications in COVID-19 patients during the second wave Methods: 235 COVID-19 patients presenting with cardiac complication to the Cardiology Department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore during 6 month periods of second wave of COVID-19 were included. Data regarding the medical history, age, gender was taken and the observed cardiac complication were noted Results: There were 76.6% male patients and 23.4% female patients. 56.2 % patients were already hypertensive, 37.9% were diabetic, 18.3% had familial history of cardiac diseases. The cardiovascular manifestations observed were, myocardial infarction (57.82%), 7.3% had angina, 21.3% had acute coronary syndrome and 12.3% had non ST elevation myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Our study suggests that there is a prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in COVID-patients which is a major concern as they are at increased risk for severe infection.

Highlights

SARS corona virus 2, formally known as Corona Virus 19 or COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization March 2020 [1]
People with cardiac complications such as myocardial infarction, angina, hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, heart attack or who had undergone a bypass surgery all were prone to getting seriously ill after catching the disease
These challenges further add complications to the COVID-19 patients with co-morbidities. Precaution such as wearing a mask, maintaining a social distance, sanitization, selfisolation and vaccination must be ensured by Conclusions: Cardiovascular complications aggravated as the patients got infected with COVID-19

Summary

Introduction

SARS corona virus 2, formally known as Corona Virus 19 or COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization March 2020 [1]. People with cardiac complications such as myocardial infarction, angina, hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, heart attack or who had undergone a bypass surgery all were prone to getting seriously ill after catching the disease. It was observed that the COVID19 patients who developed severe complications and died, they mostly had cardiovascular diseases upto 20-35% [5]. Pre-existing cardiovascular conditions are a great risk factor for adverse outcomes related to COVID-19 infection severity [8]. Cardiac diseases including myocarditis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia in patients without prior cardiac diseases are emerging, possibly, due to immunologic responses and cytokine syndrome [9]. As the viral infection propagates, many patients will need instant medical care for either COVID-19 or cardiac complications that have arisen or pre-exists but aggravated [10]. Infected patients with COVID-19 manifests systemic inflammation, thrombosis and vascular abnormalities [11, 12]

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