Abstract
Purpose: to assess the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among Saudi and non-Saudi healthy blood donors and to compare between them. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted; in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. It included 15,365 participants of 44 nationalities who have attended the blood bank of King Abdul Aziz Hospital. The collected data were age, sex, nationality, ABO, and Rhesus blood groups. Results: 46.8 % of the participants were O, 28.8 % A, 19.5 % B, and 4.9% AB. The nationalities with a higher frequency of blood group O were Saudi, Mauritanian, Yemeni, Thai, Malian, Sudanese, Jordanian, Indian, Moroccan, Somali, Malaysian, Indonesian, Myanmar, Nigerian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Algerian, Djibouti, Burkinabe, Eritrean, Ghanaian, Bahraini, Bosnian, Canadian, Gambian, Iraqi, and Sri Lankan. Those with a higher frequency of blood group A were Turkish, Palestinian, Syrian, Lebanese, Egyptian, Afghan, Chadian, French, Tunisian, Cameroonian, Ethiopian, and British. Those with a higher frequency of B were Nigerien, American, Nepalese, and two nationalities with higher AB frequency Filipino and Chinese. 91.6 % of all populations were Rh-positive, and 8.4% were Rh-negative. The Saudi participants were like some nationalities and differed from others. Conclusion: In Makkah city, the higher frequency of ABO blood group in Saudi and non -Saudi people is O followed by A, then B, and AB. The Rh-positive is predominant, and 8.4% of the participants are negative. The ABO and Rh blood groups' identifications are essential for providing suitable blood storage for individuals in need.
Highlights
The ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups are the most common blood group antigens
There was a significant increase in the age between Saudi and Malian, Myanmar, and Pakistani and a significant decrease between the Egyptian people
The following nationalities had a higher frequency of blood group O with variations in other blood groups' order
Summary
The ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups are the most common blood group antigens. The ABO is divided into A, B, O, and AB [1, 2], according to the antigens present on the extra cellular surface of red blood cells (RBC). The O blood group has H antigen on its surface. The A, B, and AB have some oligosaccharides residues added to the H antigen, resulting in groups A, B, and AB [3, 4]. The Rh blood type is the second blood group in its importance in transfusion medicine. It is highly polymorphic as it contains more than 44 different antigens. Rh antigens inheritance is determined by a complex of two closely linked genes: one encodes the D antigen, the other encodes the C or c, and E or e antigens [6]
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