Frequency, diagnosis, and prognosis of spinal cord compression in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. A review of 817 consecutive patients.

Abstract

A retrospective review of 817 consecutive patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma disclosed 29 cases of spinal cord compression (frequency, 3.5%). Twelve patients (group 1) presented with symptom of cord compression, whereas the remaining 17 patients (group 2) developed this complication during therapy. Clinical features differed in the two groups: pain was present in 83% of the patients in group 1 and in 47% of those in group 2. Pain preceded motor dysfunction in 75% and 12% of the two groups, respectively. Radiologic bone destruction of the spine was found in 11 of 12 patients in group 1 and in 3 of 16 patients in group 2. Myelography was performed in 8 patients in group 1 and in 14 patients from group 2. A complete block was found in seven and none of the patients in each of the two groups, respectively. Treatment with irradiation and/or laminectomy rarely resulted in a significant improvement of preexisting neurologic impairment but it frequently prevented the progression of symptoms, leading to preservation of sphincter control and ambulatory function in eight of nine and seven of eight patients, respectively. Careful evaluation is mandatory for patients presenting with back pain and radiographic evidence of bone destruction, as 11 of 26 such patients were found to have spinal cord compression. It is concluded that spinal cord compression presents in two distinct ways. One with early onset, pain, evidence of bone destruction, and complete myelographic block. The second is characterized by motor impairment with no evidence of bone destruction and only partial myelographic block. Treatment rarely ameliorates symptoms but prevents deterioration, making early diagnosis important.