Spinal cord compression in small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study of 610 patients

Abstract

The records of 610 consecutive patients with small cell lung cancer, treated on a common protocol in a multicentre trial, were reviewed and 24 (4%) cases of spinal cord compression identified. Five hundred patients had isotope bone scans performed at presentation, and in 131 (26%) there was abnormal isotope uptake in the spinal column; only 7% of these patients developed spinal cord compression. However, of the 24 patients who presented with back pain and had a positive bone scan affecting the spine, 36% developed cord compression. Cerebral metastases occurred at some stage in 19.5% of all patients and in 45% of patients with cord compression. The combination of cerebral metastases and a positive bone scan gave a 25% chance of developing spinal cord compression. There were two distinct forms of clinical presentation. Six patients (group A) presented with cord compression: All had back pain and positive bone scans, five out of six had sphincter disturbance, and median survival from cord compression was 30 weeks. Eighteen patients (group B) developed cord compression while on treatment: 28% had positive initial bone scans, 44% back pain and 61% sphincter disturbance, and median survival from cord compression was 4 weeks. Spinal cord compression is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in small cell lung cancer. We suggest that it may be possible to select patients who should receive radiotherapy to the spine to try to prevent the development of this complication.