Abstract
The frame bulk modulus is important in analyzing the acoustic wave propagation in porous granular marine sediments. As the value of the frame bulk modulus, notable researchers in the community used about 108 Pa (constant value). However, the measured frequency characteristics of the longitudinal wave velocity are not consistent with the calculated characteristics using the constant frame bulk modulus using the Biot-Stoll model. It was reported that the frame bulk moduli in water-saturated glass beads and beach sands are about 109 Pa at the frequency of 500 kHz, and are about ten times greater than that of air-saturated samples. It is also seen that the frame bulk moduli have dependence on the grain size. Moreover, these phenomena can be explained using the gap stiffness model [M. Kimura, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 116, 2529 (2004)]. The grain size dependence of the frame bulk modulus suggests that there is the frequency dependence of the modulus. In this study, the measured results of the frequency characteristics of the longitudinal wave velocity in water-saturated glass beads and beach sand are compared with the calculated results using the Biot-Stoll model with the frequency dependent frame bulk modulus, derived using the gap stiffness model.
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