Abstract
Frequency combs, millions of narrow-linewidth optical modes referenced to an atomic clock, have shown remarkable potential in time/frequency metrology, atomic/molecular spectroscopy and precision LIDARs. Applications have extended to coherent nonlinear Raman spectroscopy of molecules and quantum metrology for entangled atomic qubits. Frequency combs will create novel possibilities in nano-photonics and plasmonics; however, its interrelation with surface plasmons is unexplored despite the important role that plasmonics plays in nonlinear spectroscopy and quantum optics through the manipulation of light on a subwavelength scale. Here, we demonstrate that a frequency comb can be transformed to a plasmonic comb in plasmonic nanostructures and reverted to the original frequency comb without noticeable degradation of <6.51 × 10−19 in absolute position, 2.92 × 10−19 in stability and 1 Hz in linewidth. The results indicate that the superior performance of a well-defined frequency comb can be applied to nanoplasmonic spectroscopy, quantum metrology and subwavelength photonic circuits.
Highlights
Frequency combs, millions of narrow-linewidth optical modes referenced to an atomic clock, have shown remarkable potential in time/frequency metrology, atomic/molecular spectroscopy and precision LIDARs
The frequency comb is split into reference and measurement beams; one part of the beam transmits through an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) for a frequency shift of 40 MHz to construct a reference frequency comb and the other part of the beam passes through the plasmonic sample
The frequency comb structure in SP resonance was generated by the exploitation of a metallic nanohole array used for extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) that converted photon into SP
Summary
Xiao Tao Geng[1,2], Byung Jae Chun[3], Ji Hoon Seo[4], Kwanyong Seo[4], Hana Yoon[5], Dong-Eon Kim[1,2], Young-Jin Kim3 & Seungchul Kim[1,2]. The frequency comb of mode-locked femtosecond lasers has led to remarkable advances in high-resolution spectroscopy[1,2], broadband calibration of astronomical spectrographs[3,4], time/frequency transfer over long distances[5,6], absolute laser ranging[7,8,9,10] and inter-comparison of atomic clocks[11,12] It provides millions of well-defined optical modes over a broad spectral bandwidth with high-level phase coherence referenced to an atomic clock. We report that frequency comb successfully maintains core performances in photon-plasmon conversion by exploiting plasmonic extraordinary transmission through a subwavelength plasmonic hole array This implies that the original frequency comb can be transformed into a form of plasmonic comb on metallic nanostructures and reverted to an original frequency comb without noticeable degradation in absolute frequency position, stability and linewidth. The superior performance of well-defined frequency combs can be applied to various nanoplasmonic spectroscopy, coherent quantum metrology and subwavelength photonic circuits
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