Frequency and Types of Uterine Anomalies during Caesarean Section Done for Abnormal Presentation

Abstract

Background: Congenital uterine abnormalities are caused by abnormal fusion or canalisation of the mullerian duct during embryonic development. Congenital uterine abnormalities affect about 2% to 4% of women in reproductive years, and 5 to 25% of women who have had a difficult pregnancy. Ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, hysterosalpingogram, and hysterolaparoscopy are some of the diagnostic modalities used to diagnose uterine anomalies. This observational study is conducted to determine the frequency and types of congenital uterine anomalies discovered during Caesarean section done for abnormal presentations. Aims and Objectives: 1) To determine the frequency and types of congenital uterine anomalies during caesarean section done for abnormal presentations. 2) To find out relationship between abnormal presentation and uterine anomaly. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, FAAMCH Barpeta. A total number of 176 cases were included in the study over a period of 1 year. Patients who underwent Caesarean section due to abnormal presentation were included in the study. After delivery of the foetus and the placenta, uterus was examined for the presence or absence of congenital malformations by digital palpation of the uterine cavity and inspection of fundus of uterus after exteriorisation. Demographic characteristics and obstetric outcomes were noted. Results: Out of 176 patients, 24 (13.63%) were diagnosed with uterine anomalies and 152 (86.36%) patients had normal uterus. Majority of the patients with uterine anomalies who underwent Caesarean section were primigravida (79.16%) and majority of them belonged to the age group of 25 - 30 years (70.83%). The most commonly observed uterine anomaly during the study period was arcuate uterus. Our study included cases only with abnormal presentation, 17 out of 24 (70.83%) had breech presentation and 6 (25%) had transverse lie.