Abstract
Kinetics of freeze-drying for the preparation of high performance bone-derived-hydroxyapatite (BDHAp) supported iron catalyst has been experimentally evaluated and modeled using standard drying models. The BDHAp was economically derived from Rohu fish (Labeo rohita) bone, which is considered as a municipal solid waste (MSW). After wet-impregnation of Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .H 2 O on BDHAp, the precipitated mass was freeze-dried using three types of radiation viz. grey body radiation (GBR), infrared radiation (IRR) and tungsten halogen lamp radiation (THLR).Freeze-drying kinetics for all the different heating systems were evaluated and compared with standard drying models. THLR-assisted-freeze-drying (THLRAFD) rate was found maximum among all the thermal radiation. Midilli model was found to corroborate the experimental freeze-drying kinetics of THLRAFD operation. The acidity of the catalysts prepared through THLRAFD (10.27, 10.36 and 11.21 mmol KOH/g catalyst) was found higher than their air-dried counter parts (8.14, 9.01 and 9.60 mmol KOH/g catalyst) corresponding to 65, 75 and 85°C drying temperatures at 1.75 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .H 2 O to BDHAp weight ratio. The prepared Fe-BDHAp catalyst developed through THLRAFD possessed appreciable acidity making it suitable for application as an efficient heterogeneous acidic catalyst.
Highlights
Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate-based material of the hard living body tissues viz. bones and teeth used in dental implants, orthopedics surgery(Alfar et al.,2003)
bone-derived hydroxyapatite (BDHAp) catalyst samples prepared at two different ratios cor
STATISTICA routine was used to assess regression responding to I1.25 and I1.75 under air–drying and THLRAFD
Summary
Hydroxyapatite is a calcium phosphate-based material of the hard living body tissues viz. bones and teeth used in dental implants, orthopedics surgery(Alfar et al.,2003). Bones and teeth used in dental implants, orthopedics surgery(Alfar et al.,2003). It is used as strengthening filler for composites for quick disintegration of proteins and nucleic acids (Hench, 1998; Overgaard, 1996; Zablotsky, 1993). Owing to its extensive application in biomedical fields, various synthesis techniques have been developed for HAp. In past, hydroxyapatite (HAp) was derived from Sier fish (Thynnus Thynnus) bone and was electro-phoretically deposited on 316L SS as a coating material (Prabakaran and Rajeswari, 2006) and tested for its corrosion resistance behavior .Besides, fish (harvested from Alaska) bone was used for removal of heavy metals( Admassu and Breese,1999). There is no report on the experimental and modeling analyses of kinetics of freeze-drying operation applied for preparation of bone-derived hydroxyapatite (BDHAp) supported iron catalysts
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