Abstract

The scalar attributes of the optical field are considered as an approach to enhancing bit rates in quantum key distribution over free-space optical links. The implications of spatial-mode encoding to system aperture requirements are considered for rectilinear and azimuthal bases of phase modulation. Diffractive-optics-based approaches to generating and discriminating photons based on spatial mode characteristics are quantified through analysis and experimentation. Spatial modes based on phase modulation are generated via modulo-2π phase modulation with a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC SLM). The phase and amplitude modulation associated with superpositions of phase modulated fields are achieved via computer-generated holography with single LC SLM. Transmission volume holograms are evaluated as a technique for de-multiplexing phase modulated modes and cascaded volume holograms are considered as an approach to performing projective measurements on optical fields.

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