Free-standing cubic gauche nitrogen stable at 760 K under ambient pressure.

Abstract

Cubic gauche nitrogen (cg-N) has received wide attention for its exceptionally high energy density and environmental friendliness. However, traditional synthesis methods for cg-N predominantly rely on high-pressure techniques or the utilization of nanoconfined effects using highly toxic and sensitive sodium azide as precursor, which substantially restrict its practical application. On the basis of the first-principles simulations, we found that adsorption of potassium on the cg-N surface exhibits superior stabilization compared to sodium. Then, we chose safer potassium azide as precursor for synthesizing cg-N. Through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition treatment, the free-standing cg-N was successfully synthesized without the need for high-pressure and nanoconfined effects. It demonstrated excellent thermal stability up to 760 K, and then rapid and intense thermal decomposition occurred, exhibiting typical thermal decomposition behaviors of high-energy-density materials. The explosion parameters were also measured using laser-induced plasma spectroscopy. Our work has substantially promoted the practical application of cg-N as HEDMs.