Free Electron-Ion Interaction and Its Effect on Output Current of Permeable Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel

Abstract

The mathematical model is developed to investigate the relationship between the Hamiltonian of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and the output of the PEMFC. At constant response time, the Hamiltonian is directly proportional to current density and cell voltage, according to the established model (Nano-second). At activation overpotential 90mV, the Hamiltonian of PEMFC with current density increases without a hump, however at activation overpotential 1mV, a bump is detected at 0.47mAcm-2. The hump is also seen with cell voltage and power density at the same current density. The current density exponential term is responsible for the hump. PEMFC's Hamiltonian at low temperature is higher than PEMFC's Hamiltonian at high temperature. By examining the Hamiltonian with temperature and its relationship to a PEMFC output, the efficiency of the PEMFC can be increased by minimizing heat. Because PEMFC generates electricity and heat as a result of the chemical process. The collision of free electrons and protons around the electrodes generates heat energy. Because the Hamiltonian is inversely proportional to distance and directly proportional to current density and power density, the energy carried by free electrons and proton decreases as the distance between them decreases, resulting in the generation of heat energy during collisionless collisions. The free electrons and free protons circulate faster to form PEMFC outputs due to the short distance gap.