Frederick John Lamp (2024) – Python Spirit on the Baga Coast–A Scientific and Art Historical Investigation

In addition to non-hydraulic lime, natural hydraulic lime (NHL) is a material widely used to repair and restore historic buildings. In Korea, although lime mortars have been used as important building materials for thousands of years, the sharing of information and technology with other countries has been relatively inactive. While not recognizing the suitability of NHL as a repair material, undesirable materials such as Portland cement have often been selected due to their high strength, ease of use, and hydraulicity, but unfortunately, this has resulted in the irreversible damage of existing elements, especially in historic masonry structures. This study aims to emphasize the need for hydraulic lime for the sustainable preservation of Korea’s architectural heritage. To justify its use, historical and scientific investigations were conducted. By reviewing literature written in the 15th century, it was found that dark limestone was used to manufacture building lime. Based on this, the chemical compositions of different-colored limestone were experimentally analyzed, and significant evidence was found that dicalcium silicate was formed in the quicklime manufactured by calcining blue-green and green-black limestone. Prior to the 19th century, it would have been impossible to record the chemical compositions of various types of limestone, except for visual observations such as color differences. Fortunately, this important information was recorded in royal documents and has been handed down to the present day. Thus, knowledge from 500 years ago could be scientifically interpreted using the latest technology. The link between the historical record and the experimental results shown in this study can contribute to the selection of a suitable material. This is a method for the preventive preservation of historic masonry structures, as it can significantly lower the possibility of future damages caused by efflorescence and freeze–thaw.

Process Metaphysics and Mutative Life: Sketches of Lived Time

This book arose out of a Summer Institute on Knowledge, Teaching, and Wisdom supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The principal idea behind the institute was to combine historical and systematic investigation of knowledge and wisdom with a concern for pedagogical application. The institute activity was intense and the participants put in long hours presenting their own work and interacting with each other and a large number of distinguished lecturers. This book contains some of the fruits of their inquiries. It is especially pleasing for us to present this diverse current group of philosophers undertaking the project of bringing together historical and systematic investigation, which was characteristic of the great historical figures of the past from Aristotle to Bertrand Russell, and which runs against the current of present day specialization. Before we turn to their thoughts, however, we will present, in this introduction, some of our own conceptions of the interconnections, of the web of history, analysis, knowledge and value.

Many physics learners take the specific mathematical representations they are using as part of their learning and doing physics for granted. The paper addresses this problem by highlighting two goals. The first is to show how a historical investigation from history of science can be transformed into a concrete lesson plan in physics, in a physics teacher education program. The second is to explore the role of mathematical representations in scientific inquiry and discuss the educational affordances of historical case studies in explicating this role in preservice and in-service physics teacher education. The historical artifact that formed the basis of the lesson is a page cataloged as “folio 116v” that contains Galileo’s authentic laboratory notes and calculations written at the time he made his revolutionary discoveries on freely falling objects and projectile motion. To understand and reproduce Galileo’s authentic notes, students must first become explicitly aware that the mathematical tools and representations available in his time were radically different from the tools and representations available to physics learners now. The activity thus sparked discussions and reflections on the meanings and implications of mathematical representations in learning and doing physics.

In the modern scientific developments, the topic of historical reporting rarely arises. Simultaneously, historical reporting with cognitive content in the current socio-economic conditions is invaluable in terms of aesthetic and patriotic education.The objective of the article is to use concrete empiricism to confirm the fact of real existence and rapid evolution of historical report- ing, defining its stylistic characteristics, specifics of collecting factual material, adherence to the rules of professional ethics when writing original material. Research methods. The historical-comparative method is widely used to cover objectively the problem throughout its development: from fixation in the scientific literature ten years ago to this scientific study. The method of content analysis allowed to summarize and to systematize the factual material that became the basis for writing the historical reports. The method of generalization could be used when summarizing the results and depicting the prospective ways of further scientific inquiry. Results. The social changes taking place in the country since 1991 could not fail to raise the questions in mass and especially public consciousness, as for the issue of the past and the prospects for the future. When it comes to historical researches, namely the fiction on interpretation of past events and facts, sometimes their concepts differ fundamentally. The historical reporting in its form may resemble a blog, historical investigation. The author of this scientific study insists that historical reporting is as close as possible to the objective reality. Conclusions and suggestions. The historical reporting develops as a genre. A number of empiricists is increasing, the editors publish the historical researches written in a fictional style. The historical reporting will soon be perceived as an everyday reality. In regards to the prospects of training of journalists who will work in this complex genre, it should be recognized that this activity provides for significant funding involving the experts in writing the material.

Crises have always been a topic for historical, economic, political, and sociological investigations. So they appear specifically bound to certain areas of problems, and specialized scientific research is challenged to analyze and to search for ways to surmount them. That does not contradict the fact that for the solution of such problems — according to the extent of the increasing complexity and interdependency of the symptoms of a crisis — more and more interdisciplinary scientific research and international cooperation is required.

The development of science has been the subject of many historical and systematic investigations. They belong to three types of explanations. Firstly, attempts are made to understand scientific advance from the problem solving process of the sciences themselves. Thus, K. R. Popper thinks that we “have a certain innate knowledge” and that the cognitive advance “consists throughout of corrections and modifications of existing knowledge” (Popper, 1973). Despite many differences in detail, with regard to this attitude of Popper’s, this type of explanation also includes the works by I. Lakatos on the research programmes, (Lakatos, 1982) those by G. Holton on the themes (Holton, 1973) and by Th. S. Kuhn on the change of paradigms (Kuhn, 1976). According to Kuhn, causes of scientific advance are scientific crises, i.e., theoretical difficulties in solving a programme problem within the framework of a given paradigm. However, the Ptolemaic system was not at all in crisis when the Copernican system emerged and supplanted it. Neither was the theory of relativity the result of a crisis in classical mechanics. The development of science must also have other causes than the scientific cognitive process itself. This process always provides a reservoir of ideas from which it is possible to take suggestions for progress. But why certain manners of thought impose themselves is not explained by this fact, however.KeywordsProductive ForceTechnological RevolutionDevelopment CyclePhilosophical TheorySocial UtilisationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Das umgeschriebene Genie<b>. Zum Verhältnis von literarischem Autorschaftsdiskurs und Schriftpraktiken im Theater</b>

Background: MCL1 encodes the induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1, a member of the BCL-2 family which functions to inhibit apoptosis. Mcl-1 over-expression has been associated with high tumor grade and adverse prognosis in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) but therapies specifically leading to inhibition of MCL-1 have not been identified. Methods: Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) using hybridization capture of 3,769 exons from 315 cancer-related genes and 47 introns of 19 genes commonly rearranged in cancer was applied to ≥50ng of DNA extracted from 2,824 consecutive BC and sequenced to high, uniform median coverage (&amp;gt;600X). The original primary BC was assayed in 44% of cases and a sample from a metastatic focus was assayed in 56% of cases. Results: Of 2824 consecutive BC cases, 200 (7.1%) cases harbored MCL1 amplification. Of these MCL1-amplified cases, 146 (73%) were TNBC and 54 were non-TNBC (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Twelve of the latter cases (22%) were ERBB2 (HER2) amplified and slide-based HER2 status concordance with CGP was 99%. MCL1 amplification was also observed in the TCGA dataset for 32/123 (26%) of TNBC (p=0.008). Of the MCL1 amplified TNBC cases, 88% were high grade and 98% were stage IV at the time of CGP. Genes co-altered within MCL1 amplified TNBC included TP53 (86%), MYC (41%), MYST3 (21%), LYN (20%), CCNE1 (19%), PIK3CA (18%), and AKT3 (15%). Two MCL1 amplified TNBC patients were treated with a multi-drug regimen based on sorafenib and vorinostat and experienced significant clinical benefit. Conclusions: MCL1 amplification is a frequent feature in advanced stage and high grade TNBC, and correspondingly such MCL1 amplified tumors very seldom harbor co-amplifications of ERBB2. Clinical observation suggests that treatment with sorafenib and vorinostat in heavily pre-treated MCL1 amplified patients may be correlated with clinical benefit, consistent with historic preclinical investigation. These preliminary findings suggest that MCL1 amplified TNBC may be able to benefit from combination targeted therapy, and warrant further systematic investigation. Citation Format: JS Ross, K Wang, A Johnson, J Watson, C Hatzis, L Pusztai, J Chmielecki, R Yelensky, D Lipson, JA Elvin, J Vergilio, J Suh, VA Miller, K Dicke, PJ Stephens, SM Ali. MCL1 gene amplification in breast cancer is associated with TNBC status and can respond to a sorafenib/vorinostat regimen. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research; Oct 17-20, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A32.

Is science getting at the truth? The sceptics—those who spread doubt about science—often employ a simple argument: scientists were ‘sure’ in the past, and then they ended up being wrong. Such sceptics draw on dramatic quotes from eminent scientists such as Lord Kelvin, who reportedly stated at the turn of the 20th century ‘There is nothing new to be discovered in physics now’, shortly before physics was dramatically transformed. They ask: given the history of science, wouldn’t it be naïve to think that current scientific theories reveal ‘the truth’, and will never be discarded in favour of other theories? Through a combination of historical investigation and philosophical-sociological analysis, Identifying Future-Proof Science defends science against such potentially dangerous scepticism. It is argued that we can confidently identify many scientific claims that are future-proof: they will last forever, so long as science continues. How do we identify future-proof claims? This appears to be a new question for science scholars, and not an unimportant one. It is argued that the best way to identify future-proof science is to avoid any attempt to analyse the relevant first-order scientific evidence, instead focusing purely on second-order evidence. Specifically, a scientific claim is future-proof when the relevant scientific community is large, international, and diverse, and at least 95 per cent of that community would describe the claim as a ‘scientific fact’. In the entire history of science, no claim meeting these criteria has ever been overturned, despite enormous opportunity.

This article presents a historical and scientific investigation into commercially prepared British watercolour cakes from Londonbased artists’ colourmen Reeves, Rowney, Ackermann and Roberson, dating from before 1780 through to the early twentieth century. Analysis focused on the identification of the plant-gum binding medium via the use of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and pigment identification via energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and polarized light microscopy. The historical context is provided by an investigation into the historical uses of plant gums in European art and the history of importation of plant gums into the United Kingdom. The analysis of watercolour cakes used by the British artist J.M.W. Turner offered further insight into the use of specific plant gums and gum mixtures by eighteenth- and nineteenthcentury British painters.

Joseph Nicollet’s 1838 and 1839 expeditions through the northeastern Great Plains provided a baseline for later interdisciplinary historical and scientific investigations. The life and times of French natural scientist and cartographer Joseph Nicolas Nicollet (1786-1843) coincided with the Enlightenment and with the revolution of 1830. Both historical events figured prominently in Nicollet’s Great Plains ethnohistorical narratives. As Withers and Livingstone (1999:4) posit in their “Introduction” to Geography and Enlightenment, “Far from simply being understood as a European movement with particular national expression, it becomes possible to conceive of the Enlightenment as being sited, produced, debated, and contested in local spaces and circumstances as well as being apparent at national levels.” Examples drawn from northeastern Great Plains ethnohistory serve to clarify this point. “Historians of anthropology who see the early nineteenth century as barren of ethnological insight are a bit hasty in their assessment” (Bieder 1986:247- 248).

Over the past several decades the oeuvre of Rembrandt has been the subject of extensive art historical and scientific investigations. One of the most striking features to emerge is his frequent re-use of canvases and panels. The painting An Old Man in Military Costume (78.PB.246), in the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum, is an example of such a re-used panel. Conventional imaging techniques revealed the presence of a second portrait under the surface portrait, but the details of this hidden portrait have not yet been revealed. Vermilion (HgS) has been identified to have been used nearly exclusively in the flesh tones of the lower painting, suggesting that element-specific XRF imaging might successfully image the hidden portrait. To test this hypothesis, a full-scale mock-up of the painting was created, including a “free impression” of the hidden portrait, reproducing as closely as possible the pigments and paint stratigraphy of the original painting. XRF imaging of the mock-up painting was conducted using three different XRF imaging systems: a mobile X-ray tube based system and two synchrotron-based setups (one equipped with multiple SDDs and one equipped with a Maia detector). The sensitivity, limits of detection and imaging capabilities of each system under the chosen experimental conditions are evaluated and compared. The results indicate that an investigation of the original painting by this method would have an excellent chance of success.

Investigating the research question of how divine apostolicity affects God’s interaction with the world and humanity, predicates apostolicity as being a divine attribute. The logical extension therefore necessitates consideration of the apostolic attribute as an ontological, Trinitarian and operational characteristic demonstrated in the divine-human inter-relationship. Knowledge was drawn from relevant and authoritative sources: Ancient Near Eastern, Israelite, biblical, Hellenistic, reformation and contemporary theological and scientific. They were examined to accurately articulate diverse academic views, to provide critical appraisal of historical, theological and scientific investigation and theoretical frameworks, axiomatic for current and future research. The research method was of necessity an ontological consideration of the nature of God as a transcendent-immanent and relational reality. Epistemological analysis examines the multiple and developing theories of causation, of divine providence determinist or necessitarian, indeterminist or contingent, or an open participatory view of natural order. Philosophical, theological and scientific paradigms expose the founding theoretical principles confronting positivist-determinist and post-positivist-contingent views, thereafter enabling the proposition of an apostolic paradigm. (Cohen et al., 2018: 3, 5-6, 10, 14, 16, 18, 28, 34). The apostolic paradigm articulates a dynamic relationship to the world and humanity with particular attention to New Testament incarnational Christological and pneumatological parameters that postulate a paradigm change and subsequent rereading of the worldview through apostolic dynamic phases. Herein lies the contribution to the existing body of knowledge and contemporary biblical worldview developments in this field.

THIS volume is one of a series entitled “The International Library of Psychology, Philosophy, and Scientific Method.” Rivers was above all a master of method, and had he lived to write a book on method in the historical investigation of human cultures, he would have added to the already great debt anthropologists owe him. The present work is a collection of lectures and essays, dealing mainly with the constant theme of the historical school of anthropology, the unity of culture. The greater number were delivered to somewhat mixed audiences, hence there comes about an almost wearisome reiteration of the hypotheses, and perhaps—apart from pan-Egyptianism—some over-emphasis of the differences between the views put forth by the historical or diffusionist school and by other anthropologists. The chapters have not been arranged chronologically to show Rivers's contribution to method—indeed, his first and by far his most important contribution, “A Genealogical Method of Collecting Social and Vital Statistics” (Jour. Roy. Anthrop. Inst., vol. 30, 1900), has been omitted—but come under a few selected headings. Psychology and Ethnology. By Dr. W. H. R. Rivers. (International library of Psychology, Philosophy and scientific Method.) Pp. xxviii + 324. (London: Kegan Paul and Co., Ltd.; New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., Inc., 1926.) 15s. net.