Framing typologies of relations between State and violent non-state actor. From Systemic anarchy to systematic regulation

Abstract

This article deals with the issue of violent non-state actors (VNSA). First, it shows that states have developed regulatory mechanisms to mitigate anarchy in the international system and create a less conflictual international order. It discusses why regulatory mechanisms have failed in the case of VNSA and have not been as effective as in the case of states. The article then presents empirical strategies that states can employ in the face of dysfunctional regulatory mechanisms, and considers their advantages and disadvantages. The need for selective use is emphasized, as only part of VNSA poses a security threat. The paper concludes by arguing that a combination of strategies is needed to provide a systemic and long-term solution to non-state violence. At the same time, it warns of the pitfalls that must be overcome.