Framing Malaysia in the News Coverage of Indonesian Television

M Adnan Hamedi,Amri Dunan

doi:10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s1p45

Abstract

During the administration period of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY), Indonesia-Malaysia relationship became worse due to certain issues. There are three important issues affected relationship between Indonesia-Malaysia—political issue (Ambalat issue), economic issue (Indonesian migrant worker-TKI) and cultural issue (Pendet dance). The question rise up in Indonesia- Malaysia relationship caused by the response and the sensitively from Indonesian which affected by the media framing, included media television. This research is to identify how framing is created and identify the media television framing. This research uses framing analysis of ‘Television News’ model developed from Gamson & Mogdiliani (1989) model and uses the inductive qualitative analysis process developed from the model of Van Gorp (2005/2010). The model refers to the identification method in verbal framing or nonverbal framing with the matrix method. In-depth interviews were conducted to 12 peoples—each four from television stations Metro TV, TV One and TVRI. Each of them consists of a reporter, cameraman, producer and redaction leader. This in-depth interview proposed to know ‘how’ and ‘why’ the verbal and nonverbal framing is done by the stations. Triangulation between framing analysis of ‘television news’ model, in-depth interview and the observation shows that the basic ideology such as nationalism from the media owner affect the media framing on Malaysia. They also emphasize on the nonverbal framing strategy by using camera angle, graphic, cartoon or illustration and sound bite to frame issues related to Malaysia. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n2s1p45

Highlights

Why the demonstration in front of the Malaysia Embassy in Jakarta is being widely reported by Indonesian television? Why the visual burning of Malaysia flag during the demonstration being showed and so close up? And why the scene where demonstrators sing of Indonesian national song being shown during the news reporting? These kinds of questions are being raised as the result of framing process towards certain issue or incident by the media
Metro TV is supportive to National Democrat Party (NasDem) established by Surya Paloh while TV One is more towards Golkar, the party leads by Bakrie
Malaysia was negatively framed in the news reporting of the three television stations

Summary

Introduction

Why the demonstration in front of the Malaysia Embassy in Jakarta is being widely reported by Indonesian television? Why the visual burning of Malaysia flag during the demonstration being showed and so close up? And why the scene where demonstrators sing of Indonesian national song being shown during the news reporting? These kinds of questions are being raised as the result of framing process towards certain issue or incident by the media. Why the demonstration in front of the Malaysia Embassy in Jakarta is being widely reported by Indonesian television? Framing process normally done by television based on the ideology they followed. For those media, the tendency towards economic ideologies to increase the rating will attract advertisement in their programme, especially in news reporting. The television which tends towards political ideologies paid more attention to public attraction in their programmes, especially international news reporting which related to the counties where conflict is occurred. The ideology stand of Pancasila by Indonesian television was influence by the press and the broadcast system in the country. When Rajawali Citra Television Indonesia (RCTI) became the first private television in 1987, the capitalism ideology slowly carry out the framing process in Indonesian television (Sen & Hill, 2007: 112). Capitalism press system is partially responsible to create information characteristic, for example, personal, non-contextual, emphasize on action and depiction, and more stereotype (Iyengar, 1991; Hallin, 1986)

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Conclusion