FRAGILE STATES IN CRISIS SITUATIONS

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the parameters of fragile states in crisis situations. The types of crisis that can befall the state within society and within the limits of external influence are considered. The concepts of «crisis state», «fragile state», «failed state» are differentiated. Fragile states are the result of so-called fragile situations, which are determined by one mandatory or several criteria. A fragile state is a state in which a crisis occurs in one or more of its subsystems. A fragile state is particularly vulnerable to internal and external shocks, as well as to internal and international conflicts. Among other methodologies for the study of fragility, it is necessary to mention the approach of the Peace Fund, which is engaged in regular measurement of the Fragile States Index, which is based on 4 main sectors: cohesion, economy, politics and society. Cohesion involves the following indicators: security apparatus, fragmentation of elites, group discontent and division. Economic indicators are divided as follows: poverty, inequality and economic development, the outflow of intellectual labor. Political indicators are state legitimacy, public services, human rights and the rule of law. A crisis state is a state experiencing an acute political crisis, and state bodies are potentially unable to manage conflicts and upheavals. The ultimate danger for a state in a state of crisis is collapse. Failed state – a state that cannot effectively perform the functions of security, ensuring the welfare of the population and does not have effective control over the territory. Being on the verge of fragility of political institutions, Ukraine remains a state with a sovereign policy and the ability to withstand crises. From the above indicators, it cannot be recognized that the fragility of the Ukrainian state is too much greater than the value of the average indicators in the world as of 2021. The expected «fall» of the indicators as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war in 2022 will not mean a catastrophic situation for statehood, but will create further incentives for mobilization and development of society and the state.