Fracture toughness analysis of heat-affected zones in high-strength low-alloy steel welds

Abstract

This study is concerned with a correlation of fracture toughness with microstructural factors in heat-affected zones (HAZs) of a normalized high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. In order to explain weld joint performance, tensile and plane strain fracture toughness tests were conducted for the simulated coarse-grained HAZ microstructures. The micromechanisms of fracture processes involved in void and microcrack formation are identified byin situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fracture observations and void initiation study. The fracture toughness results are also interpreted using simple fracture initiation models founded on the basic assumption that a crack initiates at a certain critical strain or stress developed over some microstructurally significant distance. The calculated KIc values are found to scale roughly with the spacing of the stringer-type martensite islands associated with voids, confirming that martensite islands play an important role in reducing the toughness of the coarse-grained HAZs. These findings suggest that the formation of martensite islands should be prevented by controlling the chemical compositions and by using the proper welding conditions to enhance fracture toughness of the welded joints of the HSLA steel.