Fractionated Concurrent Exercise throughout the Day Does Not Promote Acute Blood Pressure Benefits in Hypertensive Middle-aged Women.

Luan M Azevêdo,Alice C De Souza,Rodrigo Miguel Dos Santos,Manuella O M De Fernandes,Laiza Ellen S Santos,Jeeser A Almeida,Emerson Pardono

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2017.00006

Abstract

Hypertension is a chronic disease that affects about 30% of the world’s population, and the physical exercise plays an important role on its non-pharmacological treatment. Anywise, the dose–response of physical exercise fractionation throughout the day demands more investigation, allowing new exercise prescription possibilities. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the acute blood pressure (BP) kinetics after 1 h of exercises and the BP reactivity after different concurrent exercise (CE) sessions and its fractioning of hypertensive middle-aged women. In this way, 11 hypertensive women voluntarily underwent three experimental sessions and one control day [control session (CS)]. In the morning session (MS) and night session (NS), the exercise was fully realized in the morning and evening, respectively. For the fractionized session (FS), 50% of the volume was applied in the morning and the remaining 50% during the evening. The MS provided the greatest moments (p ≤ 0.05) of post-exercise hypotension (PEH) for systolic BP (SBP) and highest reduction of BP reactivity for SBP (~44%) and diastolic BP (DBP) (~59%) compared to CS (p ≤ 0.05). The findings of the present study have shown that MS is effective for PEH to SBP, as well as it promotes high quality of attenuation for BP reactivity, greater than the other sessions.

Highlights

World data have shown that systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) has one of the largest number of occurrences, and it was indirectly responsible for about 9.4 million deaths in 2010 [1,2,3]
An atypical increase of blood pressure (BP) occurred starting at Rec30 of night session (NS) (−1.5 ± 4.4 to 2.3 ± 4.2 mmHg); no differences were observed between sessions
The main findings of the present study were (a) the exercise session performed during the morning was more effective in promoting post-exercise hypotension (PEH) for systolic BP (SBP) than the other sessions; (b) the morning session was the only to promote attenuation of BP reactivity to SBP and diastolic BP (DBP), compared to the control session (CS); (c) the fractionized session (FS) neither optimized PEH nor the attenuation of BP reactivity

Summary

Introduction

World data have shown that systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) has one of the largest number of occurrences (about 30%), and it was indirectly responsible for about 9.4 million deaths in 2010 [1,2,3]. The SAH is understood as a clinical condition caused by multiple factors, showing high and sustained levels of blood pressure (BP) for systolic (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg) and/or diastolic (DBP ≥ 90 mmHg). There are some possibilities for SAH treatment, including non-pharmacological therapy. It includes changes in behavioral factors, among which physical exercise presents one of the most effective and safe intervention [4]. The acute benefits after exercise include post-exercise hypotension (PEH) and the attenuation of BP reactivity, as the morphological and functional adaptations when realized chronically, increasing the basal metabolism and the reduction of the rest BP values [5,6,7]

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Conclusion