Fractional topological phase measurement with a hyperentangled photon source

A. A. Matoso,A. Z. Khoury,S. Pádua,R. A. Ribeiro,L. E. Oxman

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37344-6

Abstract

Pairs of photons simultaneously entangled in their path and polarization degrees of freedom are used to measure the topological phase acquired by bipartite entangled states. Conditional phase local unitary operations having the polarization degree of freedom as the control variable are applied. Qudits of arbitrary dimensions are encoded on the photons transverse positions while polarization entanglement is used as an auxiliary resource for quantum interference measurements. With this scheme the fractional phases predicted for dimensions d = 2, 3 and 4 could be measured with visibilities for the interference curves beyond the limit allowed for classical sources, which is expected for a source of quantum correlated photons. The strategy of perform a quantum interferometry experiment with photons entangled in an auxiliary degree of freedom and apply unitary local operations conditioned to this auxiliary variable shows an increase to the signal to noise ratio, simplifies alignment and can be used in different applications. This offers an interesting perspective for the efficient implementation of phase gates in quantum computing with hyperentangled photon sources in polarization and path degrees of freedom. Furthermore, one can conjecture whether the measured phase can serve as a dimensionality identifier of the Hilbert space dimension for an unknown state preparation.

Highlights

Topological phase investigation was preceded historically by geometrical phase
It is worth to mention that the spatial light modulator (SLM) and the phase shifter device (Ph-Sh) are set to carry out no operations
We set up a quantum optical experiment based on a hyperentangled photon source which is used as a resource to avoid the necessity of longitudinal interferometers or post selection procedures

Summary

Introduction

Topological phase investigation was preceded historically by geometrical phase. The latter emerged in the context of quantum mechanics in 1984 with Berry1, who investigated the evolution of a quantum state under the action of a time dependent Hamiltonian. Experimental works have been devoted to measuring fractional topological phases in two-photon interference21. In this work we employ a hyperentangled photon source to demonstrate two-qudit fractional topological phases with visibilities beyond the limit allowed by classically correlated sources.

Results

Conclusion