Abstract
The air feeding system is one of the most important systems in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack, which has a great impact on the stack performance. The main control objective is to design an optimal controller for the air feeding system to regulate oxygen excess at the required level to prevent oxygen starvation and obtain the maximum net power output from the PEMFC stack at different disturbance conditions. This paper proposes a fractional order fuzzy PID controller as an efficient controller for the PEMFC air feed system. The proposed controller was then employed to achieve maximum power point tracking for the PEMFC stack. The proposed controller was optimized using the neural network algorithm (NNA), which is a new metaheuristic optimization algorithm inspired by the structure and operations of the artificial neural networks (ANNs). This paper is the first application of the fractional order fuzzy PID controller to the PEMFC air feed system. The NNA algorithm was also applied for the first time for the optimization of the controllers tested in this paper. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed controller by improving the transient response providing a better set point tracking and disturbance rejection with better time domain performance indices. Sensitivity analyses were carried-out to test the robustness of the proposed controller under different uncertainty conditions. Simulation results showed that the proposed controller had good robustness against parameter uncertainty in the system.
Highlights
In recent years, fuel cells gained a lot of interest as one of the most promising renewable energy sources because of its high efficiency, flexibility and sustainability
Sensitivity analyses showed that the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) air feeding system with an neural network algorithm (NNA) optimized fractional order fuzzy PID (FOFPID) controller had satisfactory robustness against the considered parameter uncertainty range
A fractional order fuzzy PID controller was proposed as an efficient controller for the PEMFC air feeding system
Summary
Fuel cells gained a lot of interest as one of the most promising renewable energy sources because of its high efficiency, flexibility and sustainability. This paper proposes a fractional order fuzzy PID (FOFPID) controller as an efficient controller for the PEMFC air feeding system. To implement fractional order fuzzy PID controllers rather than indirect discretization Thisapproach paper employs direct discretization approach using an Al-Alawi operator for the first time based onaOustaloup’s recursive approximation. FOFPID controller is tested for a constant set value for the oxygen are performed to test the robustness of the proposed controller under excess ratio as well as the maximum power point operation by tracking a time varying set value various uncertainty conditions. The air feeding subsystem has a great impact on the PEMFC stack performance because it by oxygen from the air and (iii) a humidification and thermal management subsystem that regulates consumes up to 30% of the fuel cell power [2,3]. PEMFC electromechanical compressor, which required oxygen and mass flow stackinsystem are shown in Figure the cathode of PEMFC [2]
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